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Everyday Ways to Improve Aphasia

What is Aphasia?

Aphasia is a condition that makes it hard for people to speak, understand words, read, or write. It usually happens after a stroke or brain injury. Some people with aphasia have trouble finding the right words, while others may not understand what is being said to them. Even though aphasia can be frustrating, there are many ways to improve communication every day.

1. Practice Speaking Every Day

Using words as much as possible can help the brain heal and improve speech. Studies show that people who practice speaking often get better over time (Brady et al., 2016). Here are some simple ways to practice:

  • Read Out Loud: Reading books, newspapers, or even food labels can help with word recall.
  • Describe Objects: Look at things around you and try to name them. For example, if you see a chair, say “chair” out loud.
  • Sing Songs: Singing can help with speech. Many people with aphasia find it easier to sing than to talk (Racette, Bard, & Peretz, 2006).

2. Use Other Ways to Communicate

Speaking is not the only way to communicate. If words are hard to find, try using:

  • Gestures: Pointing, nodding, or using hand signs can help express thoughts.
  • Writing or Drawing: Writing words or drawing pictures can help show what you mean.
  • Apps or Picture Boards: Some people use pictures or apps on a tablet or phone to communicate (Kearns et al., 2019).

3. Take Your Time and Stay Calm

It’s important to stay relaxed when trying to talk. Rushing can make it harder to find the right words. Here are some helpful tips:

  • Pause and Breathe: If words don’t come right away, take a deep breath and try again.
  • Use Short Sentences: Speaking in short phrases can make talking easier.
  • Ask for Help: If a word is hard to remember, ask someone to help by giving hints.

4. Play Word Games and Puzzles

Games that involve words can help improve language skills. Some good options include:

  • Word Matching Games: Matching words with pictures can help with memory.
  • Crossword Puzzles: Easy crossword puzzles can help with word recall.
  • Talking with Friends and Family: Simple conversations every day help build confidence and speech skills.

5. Get Support from Others

Having support makes a big difference. Talking with family, friends, or a support group can help with communication. Studies show that people with aphasia who have support improve more than those who feel isolated (Elman & Bernstein-Ellis, 1999).

6. Work with a Speech Therapist

A speech-language pathologist (SLP) can help create a plan to improve communication. They use special exercises to help with speaking, understanding, and writing.

Conclusion

Aphasia can be challenging, but daily practice and support can help. By reading out loud, using gestures, playing word games, and staying patient, people with aphasia can improve their communication skills over time. Small steps each day can lead to big improvements!

John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW, is a seasoned clinical social worker with over 25 years of experience, serving the London, Kentucky area through Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health, LLC. Known for his compassionate approach and commitment to quality care, Mr. Collier supports individuals and families with a focus on mental health and well-being. He is available for professional inquiries at (606) 657–0532, extension 101, or by email at [email protected].

References

Brady, M. C., Kelly, H., Godwin, J., Enderby, P., & Campbell, P. (2016). Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (6).

Elman, R. J., & Bernstein-Ellis, E. (1999). The efficacy of group communication treatment in adults with chronic aphasia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42(2), 411-419.

Kearns, K. P., Lee, J. B., & Meigh, K. M. (2019). Communication strategies for adults with aphasia. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 28(3), 1136-1148.

Racette, A., Bard, C., & Peretz, I. (2006). Making non-fluent aphasics speak: Sing along! Brain, 129(10), 2571-2584.

Respecting Your Relationship’s Privacy: A Guide to Building Trust and Intimacy

In today’s hyper-connected world, maintaining privacy in your romantic relationship can be challenging. However, respecting your relationship’s privacy is vital for fostering trust, intimacy, and a healthy emotional connection. By setting boundaries and managing external influences, you can protect the sanctity of your partnership. This article explores strategies to respect and uphold relationship privacy.

Why Relationship Privacy Matters

Privacy in a relationship refers to the boundaries and mutual understanding about what aspects of the partnership remain between the two individuals. It does not imply secrecy but emphasizes the need for discretion and protection of intimate details from outside interference. Research indicates that healthy boundaries around privacy contribute to relationship satisfaction and emotional security (Mark, 2019).

Strategies to Respect Relationship Privacy

1. Establish Mutual Boundaries

Communicating openly with your partner about what should remain private helps set expectations. For instance, details about arguments, financial matters, or personal insecurities are often best kept within the relationship.

Tip: Create a “privacy agreement” where both partners share their preferences and boundaries to avoid misunderstandings (Smith & Peterson, 2020).

2. Limit Oversharing on Social Media

Social media can blur the lines of privacy. While sharing joyful moments is natural, overexposing the relationship’s dynamics can lead to external judgment or unsolicited advice. Studies show that couples who maintain some level of privacy on social media report higher satisfaction and trust (Carroll et al., 2021).

Actionable Step: Avoid posting during conflicts or sharing sensitive details without your partner’s consent.

3. Protect Your Partner’s Vulnerabilities

In a relationship, you often become privy to your partner’s deepest fears and insecurities. Sharing such information with others can lead to feelings of betrayal. Trust is built on the assurance that vulnerabilities are safe within the relationship.

4. Handle Conflicts Privately

Disagreements are natural in any relationship, but discussing them publicly or with third parties can harm the bond. Research suggests that resolving conflicts within the relationship fosters intimacy and problem-solving skills (Gottman & Silver, 2015).

Practice: Instead of venting to friends or family, address issues directly with your partner.

5. Be Discreet About Sexual Intimacy

Details about your sexual relationship should remain private unless both partners agree otherwise. This ensures that intimacy stays special and protected from external opinions.

6. Seek Outside Support Wisely

While maintaining privacy is important, there are situations, such as abuse or unresolved conflicts, where seeking external help is necessary. Counseling or therapy provides a confidential space to address issues without compromising the relationship’s privacy.

Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them

1. Unintentional Oversharing: It’s easy to overshare in casual conversations. Be mindful of what you disclose and always ask yourself if your partner would be comfortable with the information being shared.

2. Third-Party Interference: Relying too much on others for relationship advice can dilute the bond. Instead, prioritize open communication with your partner.

3. Technology Breaches: Sharing passwords or accessing your partner’s devices without permission undermines trust. Respect digital boundaries to ensure privacy (Thompson, 2020).

Conclusion

Respecting your relationship’s privacy is a cornerstone of a strong partnership. By establishing boundaries, limiting external interference, and prioritizing open communication, couples can create a secure and intimate connection. While seeking external support is necessary in some cases, the foundation of trust lies in safeguarding the relationship’s personal dynamics.

This article was written by John S Collier MSWLCSW. John has over 25 years experience in the social work field. He currently serves as the executive Director in outpatient behavioral health therapist in Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health in London Kentucky. He may be reached at 606-657-0532 extension 101 or by email at [email protected]

References

• Carroll, J., Smith, R., & Brown, T. (2021). Social Media and Relationship Satisfaction: The Role of Privacy Management. Journal of Personal and Social Relationships, 38(3), 456-472.

• Gottman, J., & Silver, N. (2015). The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work. Harmony Books.

• Mark, C. (2019). Boundaries and Emotional Security in Romantic Relationships. Psychology Today. Retrieved from www.psychologytoday.com.

• Smith, K., & Peterson, L. (2020). Effective Communication in Intimate Relationships. Journal of Couple and Family Psychology, 9(4), 123-139.

• Thompson, A. (2020). Digital Privacy in Relationships: Navigating Trust and Boundaries. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 23(2), 102-109.

How Trauma Changes the Brain: What You Need to Know

Trauma, whether it’s from a physical injury or an emotional experience, can have a lasting impact on the brain. Thanks to research in neuroscience, we now know that trauma doesn’t just affect how we feel—it actually changes how the brain works. Understanding these changes can help us see why trauma has such powerful effects and how recovery is possible.

What Happens to the Brain During Trauma?

When you go through a traumatic event, your brain switches into “survival mode.” This is controlled by something called the stress response system, which prepares your body to deal with danger. You may have heard of the “fight, flight, or freeze” response. This is when stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline flood your body, helping you react quickly to protect yourself.

This response is helpful in the short term, like when you need to escape danger. But if trauma is ongoing, or if your brain keeps thinking you’re in danger even after the threat is gone, this stress response can do more harm than good.

How Trauma Changes the Brain

Trauma can change how different parts of the brain work and even how they look. Here are the three key areas affected:

1. The Amygdala: The Alarm System

The amygdala is the part of your brain that helps detect threats and process emotions like fear. After trauma, the amygdala can become overactive, making you feel on edge or jumpy even when you’re safe. This is why people who’ve experienced trauma often feel anxious or have trouble calming down.

2. The Prefrontal Cortex: The Decision Maker

The prefrontal cortex is like the brain’s “control center.” It helps you think logically, make decisions, and calm down after a stressful event. Trauma can make this part of the brain less active, which means it’s harder to think clearly, control your emotions, or feel in control of your reactions.

3. The Hippocampus: The Memory Keeper

The hippocampus is responsible for organizing memories and distinguishing between the past and the present. Trauma can make the hippocampus shrink, which is why some people have trouble remembering details of the trauma or feel like they’re reliving it (flashbacks), even when it’s over.

Why Do These Changes Matter?

The changes in the brain after trauma explain many of the symptoms people experience, such as:

• Flashbacks or nightmares: The brain struggles to tell the difference between past and present, so it feels like the trauma is happening again.

• Anxiety or hypervigilance: The overactive amygdala keeps you constantly on the lookout for danger.

• Difficulty focusing or making decisions: A less active prefrontal cortex makes it harder to think clearly.

These changes also show why trauma doesn’t just “go away” on its own—your brain needs time and support to heal.

Can the Brain Heal After Trauma?

The good news is that the brain is adaptable. This ability to change and heal is called neuroplasticity. With the right support, the brain can recover from the effects of trauma. Here’s how:

1. Therapy: Treatments like trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) can help “rewire” the brain and reduce symptoms.

2. Mindfulness and relaxation techniques: Practices like meditation can help calm the amygdala and strengthen the prefrontal cortex.

3. Exercise: Physical activity can increase the size of the hippocampus and improve mood by releasing feel-good chemicals like endorphins.

Trauma changes the brain, but these changes don’t have to be permanent. Understanding how trauma affects the brain can help us be more compassionate toward ourselves and others who are struggling. With the right tools and support, healing is not only possible—it’s likely.

This article has been written by John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW. Mr. Collier has over 25 years experience in the social work field. He currently serves as the executive director in outpatient behavioral health therapist at Southeast Kentucky Behavioral health based out of London Kentucky. He may be reached by phone at 606-657-0532 extension 101 or by email at [email protected]

References

• Shin, L. M., Rauch, S. L., & Pitman, R. K. (2006). Amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampal function in PTSD. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1071(1), 67-79.

• Bremner, J. D. (2006). Traumatic stress: Effects on the brain. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 8(4), 445-461.

• van der Kolk, B. A. (2014). The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma.

How to Stop Worrying: Effective Strategies and Insights

Worrying is a common human experience, but when it becomes excessive, it can negatively impact mental and physical health. Research indicates that chronic worrying is linked to anxiety, stress-related illnesses, and diminished quality of life (Borkovec et al., 1998). Fortunately, there are evidence-based strategies to manage and reduce worry effectively.

Understanding Worry

Worry involves repetitive thoughts about potential future events, often focusing on negative outcomes (American Psychological Association, 2020). While occasional worrying can help with problem-solving and preparation, excessive worry often leads to feelings of helplessness and distress.

Strategies to Stop Worrying

1. Practice Mindfulness

Mindfulness, the practice of focusing on the present moment without judgment, is a powerful tool to combat worry. Studies have shown that mindfulness-based interventions reduce anxiety and promote emotional regulation (Hofmann et al., 2010). Techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or yoga can help individuals break free from the cycle of worry.

2. Challenge Negative Thoughts

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) emphasizes identifying and challenging irrational or exaggerated worries. Writing down worries and questioning their validity can help reframe thoughts into more realistic perspectives (Beck, 2011). Ask yourself:

  • Is this thought based on facts or assumptions?
  • What is the worst that could happen, and how likely is it?

3. Set a Worry Time

Dedicate a specific time each day to address worries. This technique, often called “scheduled worry time,” can reduce the tendency to ruminate throughout the day (Leahy, 2005). During this time, write down your concerns and brainstorm potential solutions.

4. Focus on Problem-Solving

Instead of dwelling on “what ifs,” shift your energy toward actionable steps to resolve the issue. Research suggests that problem-solving therapy can reduce anxiety and improve coping mechanisms (D’Zurilla & Nezu, 2010).

5. Engage in Physical Activity

Exercise is a natural stress reliever and mood booster. Aerobic activities, such as walking, running, or swimming, have been shown to decrease anxiety and improve overall well-being (Herring et al., 2010).

6. Limit Exposure to Triggers

Reducing time spent on activities that exacerbate worry, such as excessive news consumption or social media use, can help maintain emotional balance. Set boundaries around these activities to minimize unnecessary stress.

7. Cultivate Gratitude

Focusing on positive aspects of life can counteract worry. Keeping a gratitude journal or listing three things you are grateful for each day can shift your focus away from concerns and toward positivity (Emmons & McCullough, 2003).

8. Seek Professional Help

If worrying becomes overwhelming and interferes with daily functioning, seeking support from a mental health professional is essential. Therapists can provide tailored strategies to manage anxiety and address underlying causes of chronic worry.

The Role of Social Support

Connecting with others can also reduce feelings of worry and isolation. A supportive network of friends, family, or support groups can offer reassurance and practical advice.

While worrying is a natural response to uncertainty, excessive worry can harm mental and physical health. By practicing mindfulness, challenging negative thoughts, and focusing on actionable solutions, individuals can regain control over their thoughts and reduce the impact of worry on their lives. Incorporating these strategies into daily life can foster resilience and promote overall well-being.

This article has been written by John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW. Mr. Collier has over 25 years of experience in the social work field. He currently serves as the executive director and outpatient behavioral therapist for Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health based out of London Kentucky. He may be reached at by phone at 606-657-0532 Extension 101 or by email at [email protected].

References

  • American Psychological Association. (2020). Understanding anxiety and worry. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org
  • Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond. Guilford Press.
  • Borkovec, T. D., Ray, W. J., & Stöber, J. (1998). Worry: A cognitive phenomenon intimately linked to affective, physiological, and interpersonal processes. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22(6), 561-576.
  • D’Zurilla, T. J., & Nezu, A. M. (2010). Problem-solving therapy. Springer.
  • Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 377-389.
  • Herring, M. P., O’Connor, P. J., & Dishman, R. K. (2010). The effect of exercise training on anxiety symptoms: A meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72(6), 465-474.
  • Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169-183.
  • Leahy, R. L. (2005). The worry cure: Seven steps to stop worry from stopping you. Harmony.