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The Need to Know Why: Understanding Our Desire for Explanations and Learning to Accept What We Cannot Change

By John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S

Introduction

Human beings possess a remarkable ability to think, reason, and seek understanding. One of the most common responses to unexpected, unpleasant, or confusing situations is the question, “Why?” Whether faced with disappointing news, organizational changes, personal loss, conflict, or circumstances beyond our control, many people experience a strong desire to understand the reasoning behind events. While seeking understanding is often beneficial, the persistent need for explanations can sometimes prevent us from accepting reality and moving forward.

Psychological research suggests that individuals naturally seek certainty because uncertainty creates discomfort. Our minds are wired to search for patterns, causes, and explanations that help us make sense of our experiences. However, there are situations where no explanation will fully satisfy us, and our continued search for answers can become an obstacle to healing, growth, and resilience (Kruglanski & Webster, 1996; American Psychological Association, 2018).

The Human Need for Closure

Social psychologist Arie Kruglanski introduced the concept of the Need for Cognitive Closure, which refers to an individual’s desire for a firm answer and an aversion to ambiguity and uncertainty. People with a high need for closure often feel uncomfortable when questions remain unanswered and may seek explanations even when those explanations do not change the outcome (Kruglanski & Webster, 1996).

The American Psychological Association defines the need for closure as the motivation to achieve finality and certainty in decisions, judgments, and life events. Individuals with a strong need for closure often struggle to tolerate situations where information is incomplete or unavailable (APA Dictionary of Psychology, 2018).

From an evolutionary perspective, this tendency makes sense. Early humans benefited from quickly identifying threats and predicting outcomes. The ability to understand cause and effect increased survival. Today, however, our brains often apply the same instincts to complex social and emotional situations where certainty may not be possible.

Why We Resist Accepting What We Do Not Understand

When we hear information that challenges our beliefs, expectations, or desires, accepting it without explanation can feel emotionally threatening. Several psychological processes contribute to this reaction.

Cognitive Dissonance

Leon Festinger’s theory of cognitive dissonance suggests that individuals experience psychological discomfort when they hold conflicting beliefs or when reality contradicts their expectations. Seeking an explanation allows a person to reduce that discomfort by creating a coherent narrative (Festinger, 1957).

For example, if an employee is informed that a policy has changed, they may immediately ask why. While the explanation may provide useful context, the deeper motivation is often the desire to reduce the tension created by the unexpected change.

Intolerance of Uncertainty

Research indicates that uncertainty itself can trigger anxiety and emotional distress. When individuals do not understand the reasons behind an event, they may imagine alternative explanations, repeatedly analyze the situation, or engage in rumination. Ironically, this often increases emotional suffering rather than reducing it (Anderson et al., 2019).

The Illusion of Control

People frequently believe that understanding “why” gives them greater control over circumstances. While knowledge can certainly enhance decision-making, many life events remain beyond our influence regardless of how thoroughly we understand them. In these circumstances, seeking more information may create the illusion of control while delaying acceptance.

When Understanding Is Helpful

This article is not suggesting that people should never ask questions or seek clarification. Understanding is often essential.

Knowing why can:

  • Improve decision-making.
  • Promote learning and growth.
  • Strengthen communication.
  • Prevent misunderstandings.
  • Increase trust and transparency.
  • Reduce unnecessary anxiety.

In healthcare, counseling, leadership, and education, providing a rationale often increases cooperation and engagement. Individuals are more likely to embrace change when they understand its purpose.

Therefore, the goal is not to eliminate the question “why,” but to recognize when seeking additional explanations ceases to be productive.

The Cost of Excessive Explanation-Seeking

Problems arise when individuals become emotionally dependent on obtaining explanations before they can move forward.

Common signs include:

  • Repeatedly revisiting the same issue.
  • Obsessing over unanswered questions.
  • Refusing to accept decisions without complete agreement.
  • Delaying action until every detail is understood.
  • Seeking reassurance from multiple sources without relief.

In counseling, many clients discover that even after receiving explanations, they continue searching for more answers. What they truly desire is not information but emotional comfort.

Unfortunately, explanations cannot always provide peace. Peace often comes from acceptance.

The Power of Acceptance

Acceptance does not mean approval, agreement, or surrender. Acceptance simply means acknowledging reality as it exists.

Psychological approaches such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) emphasize that emotional well-being improves when individuals stop fighting reality and begin focusing on actions aligned with their values (Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 1999).

Acceptance allows us to shift from questions such as:

  • “Why did this happen?”
  • “Why did they do that?”
  • “Why wasn’t this fair?”

to more productive questions such as:

  • “What can I learn from this?”
  • “How should I respond?”
  • “What is within my control?”

These questions move us from passive reflection to active growth.

Learning to Move Forward Without All the Answers

Maturity often involves developing the ability to tolerate uncertainty.

Life presents many situations where explanations are incomplete, unavailable, or unsatisfying:

  • Organizational decisions.
  • Relationship endings.
  • Loss and grief.
  • Medical diagnoses.
  • Economic hardships.
  • Personal disappointments.

Waiting for perfect understanding before moving forward can leave a person emotionally stuck.

Instead, emotional resilience develops when individuals recognize that acceptance does not require full understanding.

Some of life’s greatest growth occurs when we choose to move forward despite unanswered questions.

Conclusion

The desire to know “why” is a normal and deeply human response. It reflects our need for certainty, predictability, and understanding. In many situations, seeking explanations is valuable and necessary. However, there comes a point when the endless pursuit of answers becomes more harmful than helpful.

The healthiest individuals are not necessarily those who always find explanations. They are often those who have learned to distinguish between what can be understood and what must simply be accepted.

Sometimes the most powerful words we can say are:

“I may never fully understand this, but I can still move forward.”

That mindset transforms uncertainty from an obstacle into an opportunity for growth.

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About the Author

John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S is a licensed clinical social worker supervisor, behavioral health executive, and mental health professional with extensive experience in psychotherapy, community mental health, behavioral support services, and organizational leadership. He serves as Executive Director of Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health, LLC, where he oversees multidisciplinary behavioral health programs serving individuals and families throughout Kentucky.

Mr. Collier specializes in clinical assessment, treatment planning, behavioral intervention, cognitive-behavioral approaches, acceptance-based interventions, and leadership development within behavioral healthcare organizations. His writing focuses on the intersection of psychology, human behavior, resilience, personal growth, and practical applications of evidence-based mental health principles.

Drawing from both clinical practice and organizational leadership, John seeks to translate complex psychological concepts into meaningful insights that help individuals, families, and professionals navigate life’s challenges with greater understanding and purpose.

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References

American Psychological Association. (2018). Need for closure. APA Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved from https://dictionary.apa.org/need-for-closure

Anderson, E. C., Carleton, R. N., Diefenbach, M., & Han, P. K. J. (2019). The relationship between uncertainty and affect. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2504.

Festinger, L. (1957). A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford University Press.

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An Experiential Approach to Behavior Change. Guilford Press.

Kruglanski, A. W., & Webster, D. M. (1996). Motivated closing of the mind: Seizing and freezing. Psychological Review, 103(2), 263-283.

Waite, L. J., & Gallagher, M. (2000). The Case for Marriage. Doubleday.

Surviving the Affair: Choosing Integrity Over Desire

Part Seven: The Affair Partner Who Ends the Relationship but Struggles with the Loss

Sometimes the strongest act of love is walking away.

That statement may seem impossible to believe when your heart is breaking, yet it has proven true for countless people who have found themselves involved in an affair. There comes a moment when some affair partners reach a painful realization. They recognize that regardless of how deeply they care for the other person, the relationship has become inconsistent with the kind of life they want to live.

They may have prayed. They may have wrestled with guilt. They may have tried repeatedly to convince themselves that love justified continuing the relationship. Eventually, however, another voice became louder. The voice of conscience. Walking away rarely feels victorious.

It feels like grief. It feels like losing someone you genuinely loved while simultaneously believing that ending the relationship was the right thing to do. That emotional conflict creates one of the most complicated forms of grief a person can experience. You are mourning someone who is still alive. You are grieving a relationship that ended because you chose integrity over desire. Those two realities can coexist.

When Your Values Finally Catch Up

Many people involved in affairs describe living with constant internal conflict. They enjoyed the conversations. They cherished the emotional connection. They imagined a future together. Yet underneath every happy moment lived another emotion. Uneasiness. They knew they were participating in something that conflicted with their deepest values.

Psychologists often refer to this experience as cognitive dissonance—the emotional discomfort that develops when behavior and personal values no longer agree.

Over time, that discomfort becomes exhausting. Eventually something must change. Either values are abandoned. Or behavior changes. Healthy healing begins when our actions once again align with our convictions.

Why Doing the Right Thing Can Feel So Wrong

Many people assume that making the morally right decision should immediately produce peace. Real life is rarely that simple. Choosing integrity often hurts before it heals. You may wake each morning wondering how they are doing. You may instinctively reach for your phone before remembering there will be no message. Certain songs, places, holidays, and routines suddenly become painful reminders. Your heart may continue longing for someone your conscience knows you cannot pursue.

This does not mean your decision was wrong. It means you are grieving. Grief is not evidence that you chose incorrectly. It is evidence that something meaningful ended.

Missing Someone Does Not Mean You Should Return

One of the greatest temptations after ending an affair is confusing longing with direction. You miss them. You think about them. You dream about them. You wonder if they miss you. These emotions are normal.

They are not instructions. Emotions provide information. They should not always determine our decisions. Every healthy relationship requires more than intense feelings. It requires honesty, freedom, trust, and mutual integrity. When those qualities are absent, returning often recreates the very pain you worked so hard to escape.

Learning to Forgive Yourself

Many affair partners carry enormous guilt. Some believe they permanently damaged another family. Others feel ashamed for compromising their own standards. Still others struggle because they believe they should have ended the relationship much sooner. Healthy guilt can motivate growth. Unhealthy shame keeps people trapped in the past. Self-forgiveness is not pretending your choices had no consequences. It is accepting responsibility while believing that one chapter of your life does not have to define the entire story. Growth begins when accountability is joined with grace.

Rediscovering the Person You Were Becoming

Affairs often consume emotional energy. Life gradually begins revolving around secret conversations, uncertain plans, emotional highs, and heartbreaking disappointments. When the relationship ends, many people discover they no longer recognize themselves. Healing includes rediscovering interests, friendships, dreams, and personal goals that existed before the affair. Ask yourself:

  • Who do I want to become five years from now?
  • What kind of relationships reflect my deepest values?
  • What qualities do I want people to remember about my life?

Your future deserves more attention than your past.

Grief Can Become Growth

Loss changes people. The question is whether it changes them toward wisdom or toward bitterness. Every painful experience offers an invitation. Some people become harder. Others become healthier. Use this season to develop:

  • Emotional maturity.
  • Healthy relationship boundaries.
  • Spiritual depth.
  • Honest communication.
  • Self-respect.
  • Patience.
  • Integrity.

The relationship may have ended. Your personal growth does not have to.

Tools for Healing

If you have ended the affair but continue struggling emotionally, consider these practices:

  • Maintain complete no-contact with your former partner.
  • Work with a therapist experienced in relationship and attachment issues.
  • Journal both your grief and your personal growth.
  • Resist romanticizing the relationship by remembering both its joys and its costs.
  • Rebuild healthy friendships and community.
  • Develop meaningful daily routines.
  • Invest in your spiritual life through prayer, worship, and Scripture.
  • Practice self-compassion while remaining accountable for your choices.
  • Set clear standards for future relationships.
  • Allow yourself time to heal before pursuing another romantic relationship.

A Christian Perspective

One of the most beautiful themes throughout Scripture is restoration. God repeatedly meets people at the intersection of failure and repentance. Not to condemn them forever. But to invite them into something better. First John 1:9 reminds us:

“If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just and will forgive us our sins and purify us from all unrighteousness.”

Confession is not merely admitting wrongdoing. It is choosing a new direction. Sometimes the greatest act of faith is believing that God’s future is greater than your past. Walking away from an unhealthy relationship may feel like losing everything. In reality, it may become the first step toward becoming the person God created you to be.

A Therapist’s Reflection

One of the most moving conversations I have with former affair partners usually begins with tears. They quietly say,

“I knew ending it was the right thing…but I still miss them every day.”

I often respond with a simple observation. Doing the right thing does not always feel good immediately. Integrity frequently hurts before it heals. The pain you feel today is not necessarily punishment. Sometimes it is evidence that your conscience is becoming stronger than your impulses. Do not mistake temporary loneliness for permanent loss. You have not simply ended a relationship. You have begun building a life that no longer requires secrecy, divided loyalties, or compromise. One day you may look back on this season not as the time you lost someone…But as the moment you found yourself.

That is a different kind of love. One worth choosing.

About the Author

John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S is a licensed clinical social worker, psychotherapist, author, educator, and speaker with decades of experience helping individuals, couples, and families navigate life’s most difficult emotional challenges. Throughout his career, he has worked extensively with people struggling with relationship conflict, betrayal, anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, addiction, and life transitions. His counseling approach combines evidence-based psychological practices with practical wisdom, compassion, and a deep respect for each person’s unique journey.

John has devoted much of his professional life to understanding the complexities of human relationships. He has counseled couples working to rebuild trust after infidelity, individuals recovering from betrayal, and families seeking healing after painful life events. His clinical experience has reinforced one enduring truth: while relationships can be profoundly wounded, people possess an extraordinary capacity for growth, resilience, forgiveness, and transformation when they are equipped with the right tools and support.

As an author, John seeks to bridge the gap between professional mental health knowledge and everyday life. His writing translates complex psychological concepts into practical guidance that readers can understand and apply immediately. Whether addressing marriage, parenting, emotional wellness, trauma recovery, or spiritual growth, his goal is to provide resources that are both clinically sound and personally encouraging.

Surviving the Affair reflects John’s commitment to approaching infidelity with both honesty and compassion. Rather than reducing people to labels or stereotypes, he explores the emotional realities experienced by everyone affected—the betrayed spouse, the unfaithful partner, the affair partner, and the families whose lives are forever changed. Drawing upon years of therapeutic experience, he emphasizes accountability without condemnation, healing without minimizing pain, and hope without offering unrealistic promises.

John believes that healing begins when people are willing to face the truth with courage. While not every relationship can or should be restored, every individual has the capacity to grow beyond betrayal, rediscover integrity, and build a healthier future. His passion is helping readers move from surviving life’s greatest wounds to living with renewed purpose, emotional strength, and hope.

Through his books, speaking engagements, and counseling work, John continues to encourage others to pursue emotional health, healthy relationships, personal responsibility, and lasting transformation—one step at a time.onal pain toward lives marked by integrity, resilience, and hope. Through his writing and counseling, he encourages readers to embrace accountability while believing that lasting personal transformation is always possible.

References

American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. (2015). Infidelity. https://www.aamft.org

Brown, B. (2012). Daring Greatly. Gotham Books.

Frankl, V. E. (2006). Man’s Search for Meaning. Beacon Press. (Original work published 1946)

Glass, S. P. (2003). Not “Just Friends”: Rebuilding Trust and Recovering Your Sanity After Infidelity. Free Press.

Johnson, S. M. (2019). Attachment Theory in Practice: Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) with Individuals, Couples, and Families. Guilford Press.

Levine, A., & Heller, R. (2010). Attached: The New Science of Adult Attachment and How It Can Help You Find—and Keep—Love. TarcherPerigee.

Perel, E. (2017). The State of Affairs: Rethinking Infidelity. Harper.

The Holy Bible, New International Version. (2011). Zondervan.

When Hope Hurts: The Psychology of Letting Go Without Losing Yourself

The Sudden Silence

One of the most painful aspects of losing an important relationship is not merely losing the person—it is losing the rhythm of everyday life.

Good morning messages disappear.

Conversations that once filled hours are replaced by silence.

Inside jokes become memories.

A familiar voice is suddenly absent.

The brain is remarkably adaptive to routines, especially those associated with emotional safety and reward. When a significant relationship abruptly ends, the mind continues expecting those interactions long after they have stopped. Neuroscientific research suggests that romantic attachment activates many of the same neural reward pathways involved in habit formation, making separation feel similar to withdrawal from a deeply ingrained pattern of connection. (Wiley Online Library⁠)

This is why many people report that the hardest moments are not dramatic events but ordinary ones: reaching for the phone, wanting to share good news, or instinctively wondering what the other person is doing.

The absence itself becomes emotionally loud.

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The Search for Answers

Following relational loss, many individuals begin mentally reviewing every conversation, every text message, and every interaction.

“Did I miss something?”

“Was there a warning sign?”

“How could everything change so quickly?”

Psychologists refer to this repetitive thinking as rumination. Rumination differs from healthy reflection because it continually revisits the same questions without producing meaningful resolution.

The mind believes that if enough information is gathered, the pain will decrease. Unfortunately, emotional pain rarely obeys logic.

Instead, rumination often creates additional uncertainty by generating multiple possible explanations, none of which can be confirmed. Ironically, the more the individual thinks, the less certain they often become.

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The Pain of Not Knowing

Perhaps the most difficult aspect of unexpected relational endings is uncertainty. People frequently assume that closure comes from receiving an explanation.

Research on ambiguous loss, however, suggests otherwise. Pauline Boss describes ambiguous loss as a form of grief characterized by uncertainty, incomplete information, and the inability to obtain definitive answers. Rather than allowing grief to progress naturally, ambiguity often keeps the grieving process active because the mind continues searching for certainty that may never arrive. (Wiley Online Library⁠)

In many relationship endings, the question is not simply, “Why did this happen?”

It becomes,

“Was any of it real?”

“Did they ever feel the same?”

“Could things still change?”

These unanswered questions often become more painful than the loss itself. Ironically, many people eventually realize that even receiving answers would not necessarily reduce their suffering. Sometimes explanations create new questions rather than peace.

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Idealization and the Fantasy of Perfection

Another common psychological response involves idealization. After separation, the mind naturally emphasizes positive memories while minimizing imperfections. This process is understandable.

Healthy relationships contain meaningful experiences, and those experiences deserve to be remembered. However, emotional deprivation often magnifies those memories. Over time, the person who was loved gradually becomes transformed into the person who was hoped for.

Reality slowly gives way to imagination. One begins remembering not only who the individual actually was but who they might have become. This distinction is important. Loving someone does not require believing they were perfect.

Yet grief often creates a version of the relationship that feels almost flawless. As a result, people may find themselves grieving both the real relationship and the imagined future that will never occur.

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When Words and Actions No Longer Match

One of the greatest emotional conflicts occurs when a person’s previous words seem inconsistent with their current behavior. Statements of affection become difficult to reconcile with distance. Promises seem incompatible with silence. The mind desperately attempts to force these contradictory experiences into a coherent story.

This psychological discomfort resembles what cognitive psychologists describe as cognitive dissonance—the distress experienced when two seemingly incompatible realities exist simultaneously.

The individual begins asking:

“Which version was real?”

Unfortunately, both may have been genuine. People’s feelings can change. Circumstances can shift. Fear can alter behavior. Recognizing that reality is often more complex than simple deception or simple sincerity can reduce some of the relentless self-questioning.

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Hope Versus Healing

Perhaps no emotional struggle is more difficult than deciding what to do with hope. Hope itself is not unhealthy. Hope allows people to endure difficult circumstances. Hope inspires reconciliation. Hope sustains faith.

However, hope becomes problematic when life is emotionally placed on hold waiting for another person’s decision. There is a significant psychological difference between these two statements:

“If they ever reach out, I will thoughtfully decide what is best.”

versus

“My healing cannot begin until they come back.”

The first allows growth. The second postpones it. Maintaining hope while continuing to build one’s own life represents emotional resilience rather than emotional denial.

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Respecting Boundaries While Grieving

One of the most loving—and painful—choices an individual may make is respecting another person’s request for distance. Choosing not to contact someone who has requested no contact requires tremendous emotional discipline. It means accepting discomfort without immediately acting to relieve it.

Psychologically, this reflects delayed gratification and emotional regulation rather than emotional indifference. Respecting boundaries does not mean feelings disappear. Instead, it demonstrates that love does not require violating another person’s expressed wishes.

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Protecting the Heart Without Closing It

Many individuals eventually reach an emotional crossroads. Part of them longs for reconciliation. Another part fears experiencing the same heartbreak again. This internal conflict reflects two fundamental human needs:

* The need for connection.
* The need for safety.

Neither desire is wrong. Healthy recovery involves acknowledging both rather than allowing either one to dominate. Emotional healing is not learning never to trust again. It is learning that trust should grow alongside consistency over time.

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Living With Unanswered Questions

Perhaps one of the greatest acts of emotional maturity is learning to tolerate uncertainty. Human beings naturally seek complete stories. Relationships, however, often end without complete explanations. Acceptance does not require understanding everything. Acceptance sometimes means acknowledging:

“I may never know exactly why this happened, but I can still choose how I respond.”

That choice gradually shifts emotional energy away from speculation and toward personal growth.

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Conclusion

Losing someone who became woven into daily life creates far more than loneliness. It disrupts identity, routine, expectation, and hope. The resulting sadness is not evidence of weakness. It is evidence that the relationship mattered. Healing rarely occurs because every question has been answered. Healing begins when individuals gradually recognize that their peace no longer depends upon receiving those answers.

Hope may remain.

Love may remain.

Memories certainly remain.

Yet emotional freedom develops when one’s future is no longer held hostage by another person’s silence. Sometimes the strongest act of love is not chasing someone who has walked away. Sometimes it is quietly honoring their decision while continuing to become the person you were always meant to be.

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References

Boss, P. (2007). Ambiguous Loss Theory: Challenges for Scholars and Practitioners. Family Relations, 56(2), 105–111. (Wiley Online Library⁠)

Boss, P. (2014). Ambiguous Loss: A Complicated Type of Grief When Loved Ones Disappear. Bereavement Care, 33(2), 63–69. (Taylor & Francis Online⁠)

Boss, P. (2016). The Context and Process of Theory Development: The Story of Ambiguous Loss. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 8(3), 269–286. (Wiley Online Library⁠)

Boss, P. (2004). Ambiguous Loss Research, Theory, and Practice: Reflections After 9/11. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(3), 551–566. (Wiley Online Library⁠)

This article could also be expanded into a 10–15 page chapter by incorporating attachment theory (Bowlby and Ainsworth), grief models (Worden and Kübler-Ross), cognitive dissonance theory (Festinger), the neuroscience of romantic attachment (Fisher), and practical coping strategies with additional peer-reviewed citations.