Sometimes, staying quiet is the best thing you can do. Knowing when to talk and when to listen can help you avoid trouble, show respect, and even help you feel calmer. This article explains the best times to stay silent and why it matters.
1. During an Argument
When people are angry, they often say things they don’t mean. Studies show that when emotions are high, people don’t think as clearly (Gross, 2002). If you stay silent, you give yourself time to calm down and think before speaking. Experts say that good relationships work better when people take a moment to reflect before responding (Gottman & Silver, 1999).
2. When Someone Else is Talking
Listening is an important skill. People who listen well build stronger relationships (Brownell, 2012). If you interrupt or talk over someone, they may feel like you don’t care about what they are saying. Staying quiet while they speak shows respect and helps you understand them better.
3. When Dealing with the Law
If you ever talk to the police, staying silent until you have a lawyer is a smart choice. In the U.S., the Fifth Amendment allows people to stay quiet so they don’t say something that could be used against them (Miranda v. Arizona, 1966). Lawyers suggest staying silent until you have legal help (Dressler, 2019).
4. When You Don’t Know the Facts
If you don’t know much about a topic, it’s better to listen and learn instead of guessing. Studies show that people who think they know everything often make mistakes (Dunning & Kruger, 1999). Staying quiet until you know the facts makes you look smarter and helps avoid spreading wrong information.
5. When You Need to Think
Silence is good for your mind. Meditation and quiet time can help reduce stress and make you feel better (Kabat-Zinn, 1994). Taking time to think and reflect can help you make better decisions and understand your feelings.
6. When Silence Can Prevent a Fight
Sometimes, saying nothing is the best way to stop a fight from getting worse. Studies show that people who stay calm and quiet can help prevent arguments from getting out of control (Bushman, 2002). This works well in school, at home, and in public places.
7. When Words Could Hurt Someone
If your words might hurt someone’s feelings, it may be better to stay quiet. When people are sad or going through a hard time, they may not need advice—they just need someone to listen (Neimeyer, 2001). Sometimes, silence is the best way to show kindness.
Silence isn’t just the absence of words—it’s a powerful way to think, listen, and stay out of trouble. Whether you’re in an argument, learning something new, or dealing with a tough situation, knowing when to stay quiet can make life better.
John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S
Executive Director | Clinical Social Worker | Community Advocate
For more than two decades, John S. Collier has dedicated his career to strengthening individuals, families, and communities through compassionate behavioral healthcare, leadership, and advocacy. As the founder and Executive Director of Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health, LLC, he has played a significant role in expanding access to mental health, case management, and community-based support services throughout Eastern Kentucky.
A graduate of the University of Kentucky College of Social Work, Mr. Collier earned his Master of Social Work degree in 2004 and subsequently became a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Throughout his career, he has remained committed to serving individuals across the lifespan, including children, adolescents, adults, older adults, couples, and families.
Professional Leadership
As Executive Director of Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health, Mr. Collier oversees a growing multidisciplinary behavioral health organization providing outpatient therapy, targeted case management, positive behavior support services, and community-based supports. He also maintains clinical and supervisory responsibilities, serving in multiple leadership and professional capacities within the organization, including clinical supervision, positive behavior support, staff development, program development, and community outreach.
His professional work includes:
Clinical psychotherapy and behavioral health treatment
Positive Behavior Support planning and consultation
Clinical supervision and staff development
Community mental health advocacy
Program development and organizational leadership
Behavioral assessment and intervention planning
Service coordination for individuals with complex behavioral and developmental needs
Clinical Philosophy
Mr. Collier’s clinical philosophy centers on treating the whole person rather than merely addressing symptoms. He utilizes evidence-based approaches while emphasizing dignity, respect, empowerment, and individualized treatment planning. His work incorporates cognitive-behavioral principles, trauma-informed care, person-centered planning, family involvement, and strengths-based interventions designed to help individuals reach their fullest potential.
He is particularly passionate about increasing access to behavioral healthcare in rural communities and ensuring individuals receive services that are practical, meaningful, and tailored to their unique strengths and needs.
Community Involvement
Beyond his clinical work, Mr. Collier has demonstrated a strong commitment to community engagement throughout his career. His efforts have included public education, outreach initiatives, advocacy for mental health awareness, and collaboration with schools, healthcare providers, and community organizations. He believes strong communities are built when mental health services are accessible, stigma is reduced, and individuals are empowered to succeed.
Author, Educator, and Advocate
In addition to his clinical and leadership roles, Mr. Collier has contributed to professional and community discussions through writing and education. Publicly available information indicates that he has been a published author in areas related to mental health, Freemasonry, and poetry. His work reflects a commitment to personal growth, community service, and the advancement of behavioral health knowledge.
Personal Values
Throughout his professional journey, Mr. Collier has remained grounded in the core values of social work: service, integrity, competence, dignity and worth of every person, the importance of human relationships, and social justice. Colleagues, clients, and community partners know him for his commitment to helping others achieve meaningful and lasting change while fostering an environment of compassion, respect, and accountability. This dedication continues to guide both his leadership and clinical practice today.
Contact Information
Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health, LLC
202 West 7th Street
Suite 200
London, Kentucky 40741
Phone: (606) 657-0532 Ext. 101
References
Brownell, J. (2012). Listening: Attitudes, Principles, and Skills (5th ed.). Pearson.
Bushman, B. J. (2002). “Reducing Aggression: The Benefits of Delaying Retaliatory Responses.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(5), 867-877.
Dressler, J. (2019). Understanding Criminal Law (8th ed.). Carolina Academic Press.
Dunning, D., & Kruger, J. (1999). “Unskilled and Unaware of It: How Difficulties in Recognizing One’s Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-Assessments.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1121-1134.
Gottman, J., & Silver, N. (1999). The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work. Three Rivers Press.
Gross, J. J. (2002). “Emotion Regulation: Affective, Cognitive, and Social Consequences.” Psychophysiology, 39(3), 281-291.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever You Go, There You Are: Mindfulness Meditation in Everyday Life. Hyperion.
Neimeyer, R. A. (2001). Meaning Reconstruction and the Experience of Loss. American Psychological Association.
Gossip is when people talk about others, often when they are not around. It can be about good or bad things. People gossip for many reasons, such as making friends, sharing news, or feeling important. But too much gossip, especially if it is unkind, can hurt feelings and cause problems. Understanding why people gossip and how to stop can help us build stronger and kinder relationships.
Why Do People Gossip?
1. It Helps People Feel Connected
Gossip can make people feel closer to one another. Talking about someone else can create a sense of belonging. Psychologists say gossip is a way people bond and build relationships (Dunbar, 2004). Research shows that sharing information about others helps maintain friendships and social groups (Foster, 2004).
2. People Want to Share Information
Some people gossip because they think they are helping others by spreading information. Feinberg, Willer, and Schultz (2014) found that people gossip to warn others about bad behavior. However, gossip can sometimes spread false information, leading to misunderstandings and hurt feelings.
3. It Makes People Feel Important
Knowing and sharing news can make people feel special. According to Baumeister, Zhang, and Vohs (2004), gossip allows people to gain social power by controlling information. But when used the wrong way, it can harm relationships.
4. Gossip Can Be a Way to Avoid Boredom
Some people gossip simply because they have nothing else to talk about. Talking about others can make a conversation more exciting, but if it is negative, it can also damage friendships (Emler, 1994).
5. Some People Gossip to Feel Better About Themselves
People may gossip to make themselves look better. If they talk about someone else’s mistakes, they might feel smarter or more successful. According to research by Parker and Pearson (2005), gossip can sometimes be a way to boost self-esteem, but it often backfires by making others lose trust in the gossiper.
How Can People Stop Gossiping?
1. Think Before Speaking
Before talking about someone else, ask:
Is this true?
Is it helpful?
Is it kind?
If the answer is “no,” it is better not to say it. This method, called the THINK strategy, helps people avoid harmful gossip (Maxwell, 2008).
2. Change the Subject
If someone starts gossiping, try talking about something else. A simple way to stop gossip is to ask about a different topic, like a favorite hobby or a fun memory. Research by Kniffin and Wilson (2005) suggests that shifting conversations to neutral or positive topics reduces gossip in social groups.
3. Stand Up for Others
If a friend is being talked about, say something kind about them. You can also remind others that gossip can hurt feelings. Studies show that standing up against gossip helps create more positive social environments (Farley, 2011).
4. Focus on Positive Conversations
Try to talk about good things instead of bad things. Complimenting others and sharing happy stories can make friendships stronger. According to Wert and Salovey (2004), people who focus on positive conversations build better relationships and are seen as more trustworthy.
5. Spend Time with People Who Don’t Gossip
Being around kind and positive people makes it easier to avoid gossip. Choosing friends who support each other instead of talking behind each other’s backs can lead to healthier relationships (Robbins & Karan, 2019).
Gossip is a common part of life, but it can cause problems when it is unkind or untrue. People gossip for many reasons, like wanting to fit in, feeling important, or sharing information. However, there are ways to stop gossiping, such as thinking before speaking, changing the subject, and focusing on positive conversations. By choosing to be kind and respectful, we can create better friendships and a more trusting world.
John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S
Executive Director | Clinical Social Worker | Community Advocate
For more than two decades, John S. Collier has dedicated his career to strengthening individuals, families, and communities through compassionate behavioral healthcare, leadership, and advocacy. As the founder and Executive Director of Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health, LLC, he has played a significant role in expanding access to mental health, case management, and community-based support services throughout Eastern Kentucky.
A graduate of the University of Kentucky College of Social Work, Mr. Collier earned his Master of Social Work degree in 2004 and subsequently became a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Throughout his career, he has remained committed to serving individuals across the lifespan, including children, adolescents, adults, older adults, couples, and families.
Professional Leadership
As Executive Director of Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health, Mr. Collier oversees a growing multidisciplinary behavioral health organization providing outpatient therapy, targeted case management, positive behavior support services, and community-based supports. He also maintains clinical and supervisory responsibilities, serving in multiple leadership and professional capacities within the organization, including clinical supervision, positive behavior support, staff development, program development, and community outreach.
His professional work includes:
Clinical psychotherapy and behavioral health treatment
Positive Behavior Support planning and consultation
Clinical supervision and staff development
Community mental health advocacy
Program development and organizational leadership
Behavioral assessment and intervention planning
Service coordination for individuals with complex behavioral and developmental needs
Clinical Philosophy
Mr. Collier’s clinical philosophy centers on treating the whole person rather than merely addressing symptoms. He utilizes evidence-based approaches while emphasizing dignity, respect, empowerment, and individualized treatment planning. His work incorporates cognitive-behavioral principles, trauma-informed care, person-centered planning, family involvement, and strengths-based interventions designed to help individuals reach their fullest potential.
He is particularly passionate about increasing access to behavioral healthcare in rural communities and ensuring individuals receive services that are practical, meaningful, and tailored to their unique strengths and needs.
Community Involvement
Beyond his clinical work, Mr. Collier has demonstrated a strong commitment to community engagement throughout his career. His efforts have included public education, outreach initiatives, advocacy for mental health awareness, and collaboration with schools, healthcare providers, and community organizations. He believes strong communities are built when mental health services are accessible, stigma is reduced, and individuals are empowered to succeed.
Author, Educator, and Advocate
In addition to his clinical and leadership roles, Mr. Collier has contributed to professional and community discussions through writing and education. Publicly available information indicates that he has been a published author in areas related to mental health, Freemasonry, and poetry. His work reflects a commitment to personal growth, community service, and the advancement of behavioral health knowledge.
Personal Values
Throughout his professional journey, Mr. Collier has remained grounded in the core values of social work: service, integrity, competence, dignity and worth of every person, the importance of human relationships, and social justice. Colleagues, clients, and community partners know him for his commitment to helping others achieve meaningful and lasting change while fostering an environment of compassion, respect, and accountability. This dedication continues to guide both his leadership and clinical practice today.
Contact Information
Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health, LLC
202 West 7th Street
Suite 200
London, Kentucky 40741
Phone: (606) 657-0532 Ext. 101
References
Baumeister, R. F., Zhang, L., & Vohs, K. D. (2004). Gossip as social weapon: Its origins and implications. Psychological Bulletin, 130(2), 245-269.
Dunbar, R. I. M. (2004). Gossip in evolutionary perspective. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 100-110.
Emler, N. (1994). Gossip, reputation, and social adaptation. In R. F. Goodman & A. Ben-Ze’ev (Eds.), Good gossip (pp. 117-138). University Press of Kansas.
Farley, S. D. (2011). Is gossip power? The inverse relationship between gossip, power, and likability. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41(5), 574-579.
Feinberg, M., Willer, R., & Schultz, M. (2014). Gossip and ostracism promote cooperation in groups. Psychological Science, 25(3), 656-664.
Foster, E. K. (2004). Research on gossip: Taxonomy, methods, and future directions. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 78-99.
Kniffin, K. M., & Wilson, D. S. (2005). The effect of nonverbal behavior on the perception of trustworthiness. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26(3), 405-417.
Maxwell, J. C. (2008). Ethical communication in relationships: The THINK strategy. Leadership and Ethics Journal, 12(1), 34-47.
Parker, J., & Pearson, M. (2005). The effects of gossip on workplace morale. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 275-292.
Robbins, M., & Karan, A. (2019). Social bonds and gossip: The role of relationships in sharing information. Journal of Social Psychology, 159(2), 221-235.
Wert, S. R., & Salovey, P. (2004). A social comparison account of gossip. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 122-137.
Clinginess in a relationship often stems from deep-seated emotional needs, past experiences, or attachment styles. While emotional closeness is essential in a relationship, excessive clinginess can create stress and imbalance between partners. This article explores the psychological roots of clingy behavior, its impact on relationships, and strategies to foster healthier attachment patterns.
Understanding Clinginess in Relationships
Being “too clingy” typically refers to an excessive need for reassurance, constant communication, or an overdependence on a partner for emotional stability. Psychologists often link clinginess to attachment styles, particularly anxious attachment, which is characterized by fear of abandonment, high sensitivity to rejection, and a strong desire for closeness (Hazan & Shaver, 1987).
Causes of Clingy Behavior
Attachment Styles
According to attachment theory, individuals develop attachment patterns based on their early interactions with caregivers. Those with an anxious-preoccupied attachment style tend to exhibit clingy behavior in romantic relationships, fearing that their partner will leave them (Bowlby, 1969; Ainsworth et al., 1978).
Low Self-Esteem and Insecurity
Individuals with low self-esteem often seek validation from their partners to feel worthy and secure. A study by Murray et al. (2000) found that people with lower self-esteem tend to be more dependent on their partners’ approval, leading to clingy behaviors.
Past Relationship Trauma
Individuals who have experienced abandonment, infidelity, or emotional neglect in past relationships may develop clingy tendencies as a defense mechanism against future loss (Shaver & Mikulincer, 2007).
Fear of Abandonment
Fear of abandonment can be deeply rooted in childhood experiences or previous relationships. Studies suggest that unresolved childhood trauma, such as parental divorce or inconsistent caregiving, can lead to anxious behaviors in adulthood (Cassidy & Shaver, 2008).
Codependency
Codependency refers to excessive emotional or psychological reliance on a partner, often to the detriment of personal well-being (Beattie, 1987). Clingy individuals may struggle with personal identity outside of their romantic relationship.
Signs of Being Too Clingy
Clinginess manifests in different ways, including:
Constant need for reassurance: Frequently seeking affirmation of love and commitment.
Over-dependence: Relying on a partner for emotional stability or decision-making.
Jealousy and possessiveness: Feeling threatened by a partner’s friendships or activities.
Excessive communication: Sending frequent texts or calls and feeling anxious without immediate responses.
Lack of personal boundaries: Feeling uncomfortable when apart from the partner for extended periods.
Effects of Clingy Behavior on Relationships
Increased Relationship Strain
Overdependence on a partner can create emotional exhaustion and frustration, leading to resentment and conflict (Simpson et al., 1992).
Loss of Personal Identity
Individuals who prioritize their relationship over personal growth may struggle with self-identity, leading to decreased self-confidence and autonomy (Feeney, 1999).
Push-Pull Dynamic
Clinginess may lead to a push-pull effect, where the partner withdraws due to feeling overwhelmed, which in turn causes the clingy partner to seek even more reassurance (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2016).
Reduced Attraction and Intimacy
Research suggests that excessive neediness can lead to a loss of attraction and intimacy over time, as partners may feel suffocated rather than excited about the relationship (Fraley & Davis, 1997).
How to Overcome Clingy Behavior
1. Develop Secure Attachment Patterns
Engaging in self-awareness practices and therapy can help individuals shift from anxious attachment to secure attachment (Johnson, 2004).
2. Build Self-Esteem and Independence
Strengthening self-worth through hobbies, friendships, and career goals can reduce dependence on a partner for validation (Neff & Vonk, 2009).
3. Improve Communication and Boundaries
Establishing healthy boundaries and practicing open communication about needs and expectations helps create a balanced relationship (Gottman & Silver, 1999).
4. Address Past Trauma
Therapy, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Attachment-Based Therapy, can help individuals process past relationship traumas and develop healthier emotional responses (Levy et al., 2006).
5. Learn to Self-Soothe
Developing coping mechanisms such as mindfulness, journaling, and relaxation techniques can reduce anxiety and promote self-regulation (Siegel, 2012).
Conclusion
While seeking emotional connection is natural in relationships, excessive clinginess can create challenges for both partners. By understanding the underlying causes, recognizing unhealthy patterns, and fostering self-growth, individuals can build stronger, more fulfilling relationships based on security, trust, and mutual independence.
John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S
Executive Director | Clinical Social Worker | Community Advocate
For more than two decades, John S. Collier has dedicated his career to strengthening individuals, families, and communities through compassionate behavioral healthcare, leadership, and advocacy. As the founder and Executive Director of Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health, LLC, he has played a significant role in expanding access to mental health, case management, and community-based support services throughout Eastern Kentucky.
A graduate of the University of Kentucky College of Social Work, Mr. Collier earned his Master of Social Work degree in 2004 and subsequently became a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Throughout his career, he has remained committed to serving individuals across the lifespan, including children, adolescents, adults, older adults, couples, and families.
Professional Leadership
As Executive Director of Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health, Mr. Collier oversees a growing multidisciplinary behavioral health organization providing outpatient therapy, targeted case management, positive behavior support services, and community-based supports. He also maintains clinical and supervisory responsibilities, serving in multiple leadership and professional capacities within the organization, including clinical supervision, positive behavior support, staff development, program development, and community outreach.
His professional work includes:
Clinical psychotherapy and behavioral health treatment
Positive Behavior Support planning and consultation
Clinical supervision and staff development
Community mental health advocacy
Program development and organizational leadership
Behavioral assessment and intervention planning
Service coordination for individuals with complex behavioral and developmental needs
Clinical Philosophy
Mr. Collier’s clinical philosophy centers on treating the whole person rather than merely addressing symptoms. He utilizes evidence-based approaches while emphasizing dignity, respect, empowerment, and individualized treatment planning. His work incorporates cognitive-behavioral principles, trauma-informed care, person-centered planning, family involvement, and strengths-based interventions designed to help individuals reach their fullest potential.
He is particularly passionate about increasing access to behavioral healthcare in rural communities and ensuring individuals receive services that are practical, meaningful, and tailored to their unique strengths and needs.
Community Involvement
Beyond his clinical work, Mr. Collier has demonstrated a strong commitment to community engagement throughout his career. His efforts have included public education, outreach initiatives, advocacy for mental health awareness, and collaboration with schools, healthcare providers, and community organizations. He believes strong communities are built when mental health services are accessible, stigma is reduced, and individuals are empowered to succeed.
Author, Educator, and Advocate
In addition to his clinical and leadership roles, Mr. Collier has contributed to professional and community discussions through writing and education. Publicly available information indicates that he has been a published author in areas related to mental health, Freemasonry, and poetry. His work reflects a commitment to personal growth, community service, and the advancement of behavioral health knowledge.
Personal Values
Throughout his professional journey, Mr. Collier has remained grounded in the core values of social work: service, integrity, competence, dignity and worth of every person, the importance of human relationships, and social justice. Colleagues, clients, and community partners know him for his commitment to helping others achieve meaningful and lasting change while fostering an environment of compassion, respect, and accountability. This dedication continues to guide both his leadership and clinical practice today.
Contact Information
Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health, LLC
202 West 7th Street
Suite 200
London, Kentucky 40741
Phone: (606) 657-0532 Ext. 101
References
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Beattie, M. (1987). Codependent No More: How to Stop Controlling Others and Start Caring for Yourself. Hazelden Publishing.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss, Vol. 1: Attachment. Basic Books.
Hearing “no” from your parents can be frustrating, especially when you feel like their decision is unfair or unnecessary. However, learning how to accept “no” as an answer is an important life skill that helps build self-control, patience, and resilience. Understanding why parents say “no” and developing strategies to handle it maturely can improve your relationship with them and help you navigate life’s challenges more effectively.
Why Do Parents Say “No”?
Your parents’ job is to guide and protect you, which means they sometimes have to set limits. Research shows that parental boundaries help teens develop better decision-making skills and prevent impulsive behaviors (Baumrind, 1991). Some common reasons parents say “no” include:
Safety Concerns – They want to protect you from harm.
Financial Reasons – Some requests may be too expensive.
Time Management – They may want you to focus on school, sleep, or family time.
Moral or Ethical Concerns – They may be trying to instill values in you.
While it might feel unfair in the moment, their decisions are often made with your best interests in mind.
How to Accept “No” Without Getting Upset
1. Take a Deep Breath and Stay Calm
Reacting with anger or frustration can escalate the situation. Instead, take a moment to breathe and collect your thoughts. Studies on emotional regulation suggest that deep breathing can help reduce stress and improve self-control (Gross, 1998).
2. Listen to Their Explanation
Rather than immediately arguing, listen to your parents’ reasoning. Even if you disagree, understanding their perspective shows maturity and respect. Research on family communication highlights that active listening improves relationships and problem-solving (Smetana, 2011).
3. Ask Questions Respectfully
If you don’t understand why they said no, ask calmly:
“Can you help me understand why this isn’t a good idea?”
“Is there a way I can prove I’m responsible enough?”
This approach shows that you respect their decision while seeking clarity.
4. Accept Their Decision Without Arguing
Sometimes, your parents’ answer won’t change no matter what. Instead of continuing to argue, acknowledge their response and move on. Constant arguing can lead to unnecessary conflict and resentment (Grusec & Goodnow, 1994).
5. Find an Alternative or Compromise
If their decision affects something important to you, try proposing a compromise. For example:
If they say no to going out late, suggest coming home earlier.
If they say no to buying something expensive, offer to contribute your own money.
Finding a middle ground can show your responsibility and willingness to cooperate.
6. Remember That “No” is Not Personal
It’s easy to feel like a “no” means your parents don’t trust or care about you, but that’s not the case. Their decisions are often based on experience and concern for your well-being. Studies show that teens who perceive parental rules as caring rather than controlling develop healthier independence (Deci & Ryan, 1985).
7. Focus on the Bigger Picture
In the moment, getting a “no” may feel like the end of the world, but ask yourself:
Will this still matter a week from now?
Is this decision really unfair, or just disappointing?
Practicing perspective-taking helps you handle setbacks in a more balanced way (Hoffman, 2000).
Accepting “no” as an answer from your parents is tough, but it’s a valuable skill that will benefit you throughout life. Learning to stay calm, listen, and respond respectfully helps build stronger relationships, develop patience, and prove your maturity. Even when you don’t agree with their decision, handling it well can lead to more trust and independence in the future.
This article has been written by John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S. Mr. Collier has over 25 years of experience in the Socia Work field. He currently serves as the Executive Director of Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health, LLC based out of London Kentucky. He may be reached at (606) 657-0532 or by email at john@sekybh.com.
References
Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56-95.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Springer.
Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271-299.
Grusec, J. E., & Goodnow, J. J. (1994). Impact of parental discipline methods on the child’s internalization of values. Developmental Psychology, 30(1), 4-19.
Hoffman, M. L. (2000). Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. Cambridge University Press.
Smetana, J. G. (2011). Adolescents, families, and social development: How teens construct their worlds. Wiley.
