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When “Stepping Up” Becomes “Doing It My Way”

Understanding the Difference Between Responsibility, Partnership, and Control in Relationships

Many women have found themselves saying:

“I need him to step up a

nd be the man I need him to be.”

Sometimes, that statement comes from a place of genuine exhaustion. A woman may feel as though she is carrying the home, the children, the appointments, the bills, the emotional concerns, and the future of the relationship by herself. She may not be asking for perfection. She may simply be asking for a partner.

That is a reasonable need. However, there is another possibility that deserves honest thought. Sometimes, “I need him to step up” slowly becomes:

“I need him to do things the way I would do them.”

Those are not the same request. Asking a man to take responsibility is part of a healthy relationship. Expecting him to think, plan, communicate, parent, clean, organize, and solve problems exactly as you would may turn partnership into control. The key question is not simply whether he is doing things your way. The better questions are:

  • Is he carrying a fair share of the responsibility?
  • Is he dependable?
  • Is he acting with integrity?
  • Is he considering the needs of the family?
  • Is his method harmful, or is it simply different from yours?
  • Are you asking for partnership, or are you asking for compliance?

Understanding the difference can reduce resentment, improve communication, and make room for both people to grow.

“A man who steps up does not have to become a copy of you. He must become a responsible version of himself.”


What Does “Step Up” Really Mean?

When many women say they want a man to step up, they mean they want a man who is:

  • Dependable
  • Responsible
  • Emotionally present
  • Involved with the children
  • Willing to make decisions
  • Able to follow through
  • Financially accountable
  • Committed to the relationship
  • Aware of what is happening in the home
  • Willing to share the physical and mental workload

These are not unfair expectations.

Research on household labor shows that the division of responsibilities can be important to relationship quality. Research has also found that shared cognitive household work, including planning, remembering, anticipating needs, and monitoring tasks, is associated with greater relationship satisfaction for both mothers and fathers (Petts, Carlson, & Wong, 2025). [richardpetts.com]

A woman should not have to carry every responsibility while a capable partner waits to be given instructions.

There is a difference, however, between asking a man to take ownership and giving him a task while continuing to control every part of it.

Healthy responsibility sounds like:

“We both need to be responsible for keeping the house running.”

Control may sound like:

“You can help, but you must do it exactly the way I would do it.”

That difference may appear small, but it can shape the emotional climate of the entire relationship.


The Mental Load Is Real

Before discussing control, it is important to acknowledge something many women experience: the mental load.

The mental load is more than physically completing chores. It includes noticing what needs to be done, keeping track of it, making decisions, reminding others, and checking that everything was completed.

It may involve:

  • Remembering medical appointments
  • Watching school deadlines
  • Planning meals
  • Monitoring household supplies
  • Scheduling activities
  • Remembering birthdays
  • Preparing for holidays
  • Tracking children’s clothing sizes
  • Managing family relationships
  • Making sure bills are paid
  • Noticing emotional needs before anyone says something

Recent research distinguishes this cognitive and emotional work from visible household chores. A 2026 study found that women reported greater relationship satisfaction when male partners contributed more to the mental load, especially its emotional parts. The study also reported that mental load was a stronger predictor of women’s satisfaction than physical housework in the samples examined (Klein et al., 2026). [journals.sagepub.com]

Therefore, a woman may not be controlling simply because she is tired of having to tell a man what to do.

If she has to recognize the problem, develop the plan, assign the task, explain the task, remind him about the task, and check the completed task, she is still carrying much of the responsibility.

The goal of this article is not to dismiss women’s exhaustion. It is to help separate two different problems:

Helping Is Not the Same as Owning

A man who asks, “What do you need me to do?” may be willing to help.
A man who notices what needs to be done and takes care of it is sharing ownership.

Healthy partnership requires more than waiting for assignments.

  1. A partner who truly is not carrying his share.
  2. A partner who is contributing, but doing so differently than she would.

Responsibility Is Not the Same as Method

Imagine that a couple agrees the kitchen needs to be cleaned.

The man washes the dishes, wipes the counters, takes out the trash, and sweeps the floor. The kitchen is clean.

However, he puts some dishes in different cabinets. He uses a different cleaner. He completes the work in a different order.

Did he fail?

Not necessarily.

If the goal was to clean the kitchen and the kitchen is clean, the responsibility may have been fulfilled even though his method was different.

Now imagine that he says he will clean the kitchen, but leaves food on the counters, dirty dishes in the sink, and trash on the floor.

That is not merely a different method. The task was not completed.

This distinction matters.

Ask yourself:

  • Was the agreed goal reached?
  • Was the result safe and reasonable?
  • Did he follow through?
  • Is my concern about the result, or about his method?
  • Would I consider the work acceptable if I had not watched him do it?
  • Does my preferred method truly matter, or does it simply feel more familiar?

“Different does not automatically mean careless, incompetent, or wrong.”

A healthy relationship needs room for different approaches. Two people can reach the same good outcome by taking different paths.


One Person’s Standard Is Not Automatically the Universal Standard

Every person enters a relationship with an idea of how life is “supposed” to work.

Those ideas come from:

  • Childhood experiences
  • Family traditions
  • Past relationships
  • Religious or cultural beliefs
  • Personal preferences
  • Anxiety about uncertainty
  • Previous disappointments
  • The need for order or predictability

One person may believe laundry must be folded immediately.

One person may believe every purchase should be discussed first. Another may believe clean clothes can remain in a basket until later. Another may believe small purchases do not require a conversation.

One parent may use detailed schedules. The other may be more flexible. These differences require negotiation. They do not automatically prove that one partner is mature and the other is irresponsible. It is easy to mistake what is familiar for what is correct. The fact that something was done a certain way in your childhood home does not make that method the only healthy method. Likewise, your partner’s family traditions do not automatically determine how your shared household should operate. A couple must create a new system together.


The Difference Between a Standard and a Preference

A useful way to reduce conflict is to place concerns into two categories.

A true relationship standard involves:

A true relationship standard involves:A personal preference may involve:
Safety
Honesty
Fidelity
Financial responsibility
Respect
Child welfare
Keeping important promises
Substance use boundaries
Legal obligations
Health needs
Protection from abuse or neglect
How towels are folded
Which route is taken
The order in which chores are completed
How a dishwasher is loaded
How items are arranged
Whether a task is completed in the morning or evening
Which reasonable parenting technique is used
How a meal is prepared
How a problem is discussed
How free time is organized
These issues deserve serious discussion and clear boundaries.Preferences are not meaningless. They still matter. However, a preference should not always be presented as a moral requirement.

Preferences are not meaningless. They still matter. However, a preference should not always be presented as a moral requirement.

Callout Box: A Helpful Question

Before correcting your partner, ask:

“Is this about safety, integrity, and responsibility, or is this about my personal preference?”

If it is a preference, consider whether there is room for another acceptable method.


Micromanagement Can Quietly Weaken a Relationship

Micromanagement happens when one person gives another responsibility but continues to control nearly every detail.

It may look like:

  • Repeatedly correcting him while he works
  • Redoing tasks after he completes them
  • Questioning every decision
  • Giving long instructions for simple responsibilities
  • Watching closely to catch mistakes
  • Reminding him before he has had time to act
  • Treating his judgment as less trustworthy
  • Taking the task back because his method feels unfamiliar
  • Criticizing the process even when the result is acceptable

Micromanagement may come from anxiety rather than disrespect. A woman may believe that if she does not monitor everything, something will go wrong.

However, even when the intent is to prevent mistakes, the message received may be:

“I do not trust you.”

Over time, a man who feels constantly criticized may become defensive, hesitant, or withdrawn. A demand-withdraw pattern occurs when one partner pressures, criticizes, or demands change while the other partner avoids, defends, or ends the discussion. Research has connected this pattern with negative interactions and lower levels of conflict resolution (Papp, Kouros, & Cummings, 2009). [pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This does not mean the person who withdraws bears no responsibility. Withdrawing, refusing to communicate, or using silence as punishment is also unhealthy.

It means that both partners may be helping create a cycle:

  1. She feels unsupported.
  2. She pushes harder.
  3. He feels criticized or controlled.
  4. He pulls away.
  5. She sees his withdrawal as proof that he does not care.
  6. She pushes even harder.
  7. He withdraws even more.

Soon, both people feel misunderstood. The relationship becomes a struggle between pursuit and escape.


Why Constant Correction Can Lead to Disengagement

Imagine being asked to complete a project but being corrected through every step. You choose a method. It is questioned. You make a decision. It is revised. You finish the work. It is redone. Eventually, you may decide that there is little reason to take initiative because your contribution will not be accepted anyway.

This is sometimes called learned helplessness in everyday conversation, but couples should be careful about loosely applying clinical terms. The more practical point is that repeated criticism can reduce motivation and confidence.

Some men eventually begin saying:

  • “Just tell me what you want.”
  • “You are going to redo it anyway.”
  • “Nothing I do is good enough.”
  • “Why ask me if you have already decided?”
  • “It is easier if you handle it.”

That response is not ideal. Adults remain responsible for contributing, even when they feel criticized. Still, the couple should examine the full pattern rather than placing all blame on one person.

“If you want initiative, there must be room for independent judgment.”


Asking Him to Lead While Rejecting Every Decision

Some women say they want a man who can lead. Yet when he makes a decision, they may challenge it because it is not the decision they would have made. This creates a contradiction. Leadership requires judgment. Judgment requires the freedom to consider options and make choices. A person cannot meaningfully lead if the correct answer has already been decided by someone else.

This does not mean that a man should dominate the relationship.

Healthy leadership is not:Healthy leadership may involve:
Control
Intimidation
Silencing a partner
Making every decision alone
Using money as power
Demanding obedience
Ignoring a woman’s knowledge or concerns
Claiming authority without accepting responsibility
Taking initiative
Listening carefully
Making decisions when a decision is needed
Accepting accountability
Protecting the relationship
Considering the needs of the entire family
Admitting mistakes
Sharing power appropriately
Following through
leadership and partnership are not opposites.

A healthy man can lead in areas where he is strong while also respecting his partner’s voice. A healthy woman can lead in areas where she is strong without belittling him. The goal is not to decide who is superior. The goal is to build a life where both people’s strengths are used.


Partnership Requires Autonomy

Autonomy means having room to act according to your values and judgment rather than feeling forced, controlled, or manipulated. Autonomy does not mean selfishness. It does not mean doing whatever you want without considering your partner. It means remaining a whole person within the relationship.

Research has associated relationship autonomy with supportive behavior and lower intrusiveness. Across three studies, Hadden and colleagues found that relationship autonomy was associated with greater supportiveness toward a partner and less intrusive behavior (Hadden et al., 2015). [link.springer.com]

A newer study also reported that feeling able to be one’s true self within a long-term relationship was connected with greater relationship satisfaction, both in daily experience and over time (Genesse et al., 2025). [onlinelibr….wiley.com] A loving relationship should allow both people to say:

  • “I matter.”
  • “You matter.”
  • “My thoughts are welcome.”
  • “Your thoughts are welcome.”
  • “We can disagree without becoming enemies.”
  • “We can be different without threatening the relationship.”
  • “We can make decisions together without erasing either person.”

Partnership Is Not Compliance

Compliance says, “I will do it your way so you do not become upset.”

Partnership says, “We will talk about what matters, agree on the goal, and respect each other’s reasonable judgment.”


Not Every Difference Is a Problem

Couples often spend too much energy trying to remove harmless differences. One partner may process thoughts by talking. The other may need quiet time before responding. One may plan months ahead. The other may manage shorter periods more Effectively. One may be highly detailed. The other may quickly see the larger picture. One may show love through words. The other may show love through action.

Differences can become strengths when couples stop using them as evidence against each other. The important question is whether the difference causes harm.

A difference may require intervention when it leads to:

  • Broken promises
  • Unsafe conditions
  • Financial instability
  • Neglect of children
  • Repeated emotional injury
  • Deception
  • Chronic avoidance
  • Unequal burdens
  • Fear or intimidation
  • Loss of trust

A difference may simply require acceptance when:

  • The goal is still achieved
  • No one is being harmed
  • The partner remains dependable
  • The method is reasonable
  • The outcome is acceptable
  • The conflict is mainly about preference

Maturity includes knowing when to speak up and when to let go.


Accountability Must Go Both Ways

This discussion should not become an excuse for men to avoid responsibility. A man cannot demand freedom from criticism while refusing to contribute. He should not say:

  • “You are too controlling,” when he repeatedly breaks promises.
  • “You expect too much,” when she carries nearly everything.
  • “My way is different,” when the task remains unfinished.
  • “You should trust me,” when he consistently acts irresponsibly.
  • “Stop nagging,” when she has made clear and reasonable requests that he continues to ignore.

Different methods are acceptable. Chronic neglect is not a method. Failing to follow through is not independence. Forgetting every responsibility is not leadership. Leaving one partner to carry the entire mental load is not teamwork. Research on household labor has consistently examined the connection between the division of domestic work and relationship quality. One study found that the shared performance of routine household tasks was positively related to relationship satisfaction among more recent groups of couples. The relationship was especially notable for sharing dishwashing responsibilities (Carlson, Miller, & Sassler, 2018). [journals.sagepub.com]

Both partners need accountability.

Women should examine:

Women should examine:Men should examine:
Am I asking for responsibility or sameness?
Do I allow him to use his judgment?
Do I communicate clearly?
Do I criticize more often than I appreciate?
Do I redo acceptable work because it is not done my way?
Have I turned preferences into rules?
Am I expecting him to read my mind?
Do I notice what needs to be done?
Do I take responsibility without waiting for instructions?
Do I keep my promises?
Do I leave the planning and emotional work to her?
Do I use her frustration as an excuse to withdraw?
Have I earned trust through consistent action?
Am I truly contributing, or am I simply defending myself?

“A woman should not have to mother her partner, and a man should not have to become an employee in his own home.”


Stop Expecting Mind Reading

A woman may believe her needs should be obvious. She may think:

  • “He should know I need help.”
  • “He should know what matters to me.”
  • “He should know why I am upset.”
  • “If he cared, I would not have to ask.”

Wanting to be noticed and understood is deeply human. However, even caring partners do not always recognize unspoken needs. Empathic accuracy refers to how well partners understand each other’s thoughts and feelings during interactions. Research recognizes that understanding a partner’s inner experience is difficult and that motivation plays a role in how accurately partners understand each other (Hinnekens et al., 2016). [pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Love does not create mind-reading abilities. Clear communication is not a sign that the relationship has failed. It is one of the tools that helps a relationship work. Instead of saying:

“You should already know.”

Try saying:

“I am feeling overwhelmed by managing the appointments, meals, and school responsibilities. I need you to completely take ownership of two of those areas.”

That request is clear, specific, and measurable.


A Better Way to Ask Him to Step Up

The phrase “step up” is broad. A man may hear criticism without understanding the actual need. Try replacing a general complaint with a specific request.

Instead of:

Instead of:Try:
“You need to be more of a man.”“I need to know that I can depend on you to follow through when you make a commitment.”
“You never help me.”I am carrying most of the planning for the children. I need us to divide both the planning and the tasks.”
You do everything wrong.”The outcome I need is for this to be completed safely by Friday. I am open to your method.”
Why can’t you just do it the way I told you?”Can you help me understand your approach? I want to make sure we agree on the goal.”
“If you cared, you would know.”This is important to me, and I need to explain why.”

Specific communication gives a partner something meaningful to respond to.


Agree on Outcomes Before Arguing About Methods

Couples often argue about methods because they never clearly agreed on the desired outcome.

For example, “help more with the children” is unclear.

A clearer agreement may be:

  • One parent handles school transportation.
  • One parent manages medical appointments.
  • Both attend important school meetings when possible.
  • Each parent has full responsibility for bedtime on assigned evenings.
  • Schedule changes are placed on a shared calendar.
  • Concerns about discipline are discussed privately rather than in front of the children.

Once the outcome and responsibilities are clear, each person can have reasonable freedom in how the work is completed.

A useful four-step conversation

1. Name the shared goal “We both want the children to be prepared for school.”

2. Identify the responsibilities. “That includes clean clothes, completed homework, packed lunches, and getting there on time.”

3. Decide who owns each responsibility “You will handle lunches and transportation. I will handle clothing and homework review.”

4. Allow reasonable independence “We agree on the outcome, but we do not have to complete each task in exactly the same way.”

This reduces confusion and helps prevent one partner from becoming the permanent household supervisor.


Appreciation Is Not the Same as Applause for Basic Responsibility

Some women resist showing appreciation because they believe a man should not need to be praised for fulfilling ordinary responsibilities. That concern is understandable. An adult should not expect a celebration for parenting his children, cleaning his home, or keeping his promises. Still, appreciation is valuable in both directions.

Appreciation does not mean:

Appreciation does not mean:Healthy appreciation can sound like:
Treating him like a child
Ignoring poor behavior
Lowering expectations
Praising incomplete work
Pretending that unfairness is acceptable
“Thank you for handling that.”
“I noticed you took care of it without being asked.”
“That helped me feel less alone.”
“I appreciate that you followed through.”
“Your approach was different from mine, but it worked.”
It means noticing sincere effort and acknowledging contribution.Men should offer the same recognition to women. No one should be treated as though their daily labor is invisible.

When You May Truly Need Him to Change

Acceptance does not mean tolerating harmful behavior. There are times when a woman is not asking for control. She is asking for basic responsibility, safety, or respect. Serious change may be needed when a partner:

  • Repeatedly lies
  • Refuses to work despite being able to do so
  • Misuses family money
  • Neglects the children
  • Breaks commitments without concern
  • Uses substances in dangerous ways
  • Engages in threatening or abusive behavior
  • Refuses necessary communication
  • Leaves all household labor to the other partner
  • Uses silence or withdrawal as punishment
  • Blames everyone else for his decisions
  • Rejects accountability
  • Expects the woman to act as his mother

In those situations, the issue is not that he loads the dishwasher differently.

The issue is trust, safety, or responsibility.

A woman is not controlling simply because she has standards. Boundaries are not the same as control.

A boundary says:

“I will not remain in a situation where I am threatened or mistreated.”

Control says:

“You must think, speak, and act exactly as I prefer so that I never feel uncomfortable.”

A boundary explains what you will do to protect your well-being.

Control attempts to manage another person’s identity, choices, and behavior.


When the Desire for Control Comes From Fear

Control is often driven by fear. A woman may have learned that if she does not manage everything, she will be disappointed. She may have experienced:

  • An unreliable parent
  • A previous unfaithful partner
  • Financial instability
  • Abandonment
  • Betrayal
  • Chaos during childhood
  • A relationship in which she was forced to carry everything

Her nervous system may associate control with safety.

She may believe:

“If I can make sure everything is done correctly, I cannot be hurt again.”

That response deserves compassion. However, past pain should be understood rather than allowed to quietly govern the present relationship. A current partner should be held accountable for current behavior. He should not automatically be treated as though he will repeat the actions of someone from the past. Healing may involve learning to tolerate reasonable differences, communicate needs openly, and allow another trustworthy person to carry responsibility.


A Quick Self-Check Before Correcting Him

Before stepping in, correcting, or redoing a task, pause and ask:

  1. Is anyone unsafe?
  2. Is an important promise being broken?
  3. Is the agreed outcome not being reached?
  4. Have I clearly communicated what is needed?
  5. Did we agree on the standard together?
  6. Am I reacting to a genuine problem or an unfamiliar method?
  7. Am I leaving room for his judgment?
  8. Would I want to be spoken to the way I am about to speak to him?
  9. Am I asking for partnership, or am I seeking relief from anxiety through control?
  10. Can I allow this to be done well without requiring it to be done perfectly?

These questions are not meant to silence women.

They are meant to make communication more accurate.


Signs of Healthy “Stepping Up”

A man is likely stepping up when he:

  • Takes initiative
  • Follows through consistently
  • Notices needs without always being told
  • Accepts responsibility for mistakes
  • Shares physical and mental labor
  • Participates in difficult conversations
  • Makes thoughtful decisions
  • Considers his partner’s needs
  • Protects the family’s financial and emotional stability
  • Remains open to feedback
  • Respects boundaries
  • Changes harmful patterns
  • Acts with integrity even when no one is watching

He does not have to complete every task exactly as his partner would. He does need to show that his partner is not alone.


Signs That “Stepping Up” May Actually Mean “Doing It My Way”

The request may have shifted toward control when:

  • His acceptable work is repeatedly redone.
  • Every independent decision is criticized.
  • Differences are described as character flaws.
  • He is allowed responsibility but not authority.
  • Preferences are treated as moral rules.
  • He is expected to know needs that have not been communicated.
  • Mistakes are used as proof that he cannot be trusted with anything.
  • His strengths are ignored because they look different.
  • Agreement is valued more than honest discussion.
  • Peace depends on his compliance.
  • He is expected to lead but punished for making decisions.

Callout Box: The Central Question

Do you want him to become more responsible, or do you want him to become more like you?

The first request can strengthen a relationship. The second may slowly erase the person you say you want beside you.


What Healthy Partnership Looks Like

Healthy partnership is not one person giving orders while the other follows them. It is also not two people doing whatever they want without concern for each other. Healthy partnership includes:

  • Shared responsibility
  • Clear expectations
  • Mutual respect
  • Honest communication
  • Room for differences
  • Accountability
  • Appreciation
  • Negotiation
  • Repair after conflict
  • Freedom without neglect
  • Leadership without domination
  • Standards without constant criticism
  • Trust that is supported by consistent behavior

Both partners should influence the relationship. Both partners should be willing to learn. Both partners should be able to admit: “My way is not the only way.”


Conclusion

Wanting a man to step up is not wrong. A woman deserves a partner who contributes, follows through, communicates, shares the mental load, and takes responsibility for the life they are building together. However, responsibility should not be confused with imitation. A man does not have to fold every towel the same way, solve every problem using the same process, or make every decision exactly as his partner would.

  • He must be dependable.
  • He must be engaged.
  • He must be accountable.
  • He must be willing to listen and grow.

But he must also be allowed to remain a person with his own judgment, strengths, methods, and voice. The goal of a relationship is not for one person to train the other into perfect compliance. The goal is for two imperfect people to create a life in which neither person carries everything, neither person controls everything, and both people are treated with dignity.

Sometimes, asking him to step up means expecting more. Sometimes, loving him well means stepping back enough to let him do it.

“The strongest relationships are not built by two people doing everything the same way. They are built by two people sharing responsibility, respecting differences, and walking toward the same destination.”


About the Author

John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S

John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker Supervisor, behavioral health executive, writer, and advocate for stronger individuals, healthier relationships, and more compassionate communities. John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S serves as Executive Director of Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health, LLC, where he provides organizational leadership and supports the development of behavioral health, psychiatric, counseling, community-based, and disability-related services. Enterprise records confirm John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S as Executive Director of Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health, LLC. [Southeast…ral Health | Word], [New Oupati…icy Manual | Word]

With extensive experience in clinical social work, behavioral intervention, organizational leadership, and community mental health, John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S brings both professional understanding and practical insight to topics involving emotional wellness, relationships, communication, accountability, grief, personal growth, and human behavior.

John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S is the author of The Mind’s Trestle Board, a reflective writing platform that encourages readers to examine the beliefs, emotional patterns, relationships, and life experiences that shape who they are. His writing blends behavioral health knowledge with plain language, personal reflection, and practical guidance that readers can apply to everyday life.

Through his clinical work, leadership, and writing, John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S encourages people to approach themselves and others with honesty, accountability, compassion, and a willingness to grow.


References

Carlson, D. L., Miller, A. J., & Sassler, S. (2018). Stalled for whom? Change in the division of particular housework tasks and their consequences for middle- to low-income couples. Socius, 4, 1–17. Read the study. [journals.sagepub.com]

Genesse, D., Brassard, A., Vaillancourt-Morel, M. P., Muise, A., Raposo, S., & Péloquin, K. (2025). Being me while loving you: The role of autonomy in the association between insecure attachment and relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. Read the study. [onlinelibr….wiley.com]

Hadden, B. W., Rodriguez, L. M., Knee, C. R., & Porter, B. (2015). Relationship autonomy and support provision in romantic relationships. Motivation and Emotion, 39, 359–373. Read the study. [link.springer.com]

Hinnekens, C., Vanhee, G., De Schryver, M., Ickes, W., & Verhofstadt, L. L. (2016). Empathic accuracy and observed demand behavior in couples. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1370. Read the study. [pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Klein, V., Ascigil, E., Oschatz, T., & Kahalon, R. (2026). Unequal burdens, unequal benefits: Housework, mental load, and gendered satisfaction in heterosexual relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Read the study. [journals.sagepub.com]

Leo, K., Crenshaw, A. O., Hogan, J. N., Bourne, S. V., Baucom, K. J. W., & Baucom, B. R. W. (2021). A replication and extension of the interpersonal process model of demand/withdraw behavior: Incorporating subjective emotional experience. Journal of Family Psychology, 35(4), 534–545. Read the study. [pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Papp, L. M., Kouros, C. D., & Cummings, E. M. (2009). Demand-withdraw patterns in marital conflict in the home. Personal Relationships, 16(2), 285–300. Read the study. [pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Petts, R. J., Carlson, D. L., & Wong, J. S. (2025). Cognitive housework and parents’ relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and Family. Read the accepted manuscript. [richardpetts.com]


Couple laughing over wine at a restaurant beside sign reading “NEVER STOP DATING YOUR SPOUSE.”
Dating Your Spouse: Why the Best Marriages Never Stop Dating

Many couples spend months planning a wedding but very little time planning a marriage. At the beginning of a relationship, people work hard to connect. They make plans, have meaningful conversations, laugh together, and look forward to spending time with one another.

Then life happens.

Work becomes demanding. Children need attention. Bills need to be paid. Household responsibilities pile up. Without realizing it, many couples begin spending more time managing life than nurturing their relationship. The truth is simple:

A healthy marriage requires ongoing attention, not just a wedding day commitment.

Research suggests that couples who regularly spend intentional one-on-one time together report greater relationship satisfaction, stronger commitment, better communication, and increased marital happiness. [nationalma…roject.org], [wheatley.byu.edu], [nationalma…roject.org]


Why Dating Should Continue After Marriage

Many couples unknowingly stop doing the things that helped them fall in love. While dating, they often:

  • Prioritize time together
  • Ask questions
  • Share experiences
  • Laugh frequently
  • Show appreciation
  • Engage in meaningful conversations

After marriage, many people assume these things will naturally continue. Unfortunately, that rarely happens without intentional effort. Marriage does not automatically create connection. Connection is created through shared experiences and quality time.

The habits that helped you fall in love are often the same habits that help you stay in love.


📦 Key Takeaway

Your spouse should not receive the least intentional version of you simply because they received the most permanent commitment from you.


Date Nights Strengthen Marriages

Research from the National Marriage Project found that couples who regularly participate in date nights report significantly higher levels of marital happiness and commitment than couples who rarely spend dedicated time together. [nationalma…roject.org], [nationalma…roject.org]

The report found that spouses who regularly went on date nights were more likely to report:

Dating your spouse is not about spending money. It is about investing time. Sometimes the most meaningful date is simply sitting on a porch together, enjoying a cup of coffee, and having an uninterrupted conversation.


📦 Important Reminder

Connection grows where attention goes.

If a marriage consistently receives leftover time, it often produces leftover results.


Dating Builds Emotional Intimacy

One of the biggest threats to marriage is not conflict. It is emotional distance. According to relationship researchers at the Gottman Institute, successful couples intentionally “turn toward” one another during everyday interactions, creating a stronger emotional connection over time. [gottman.com], [gottman.com]

Dating creates opportunities to:

  • Discuss goals
  • Share concerns
  • Celebrate successes
  • Talk about dreams
  • Strengthen trust
  • Maintain emotional closeness

Couples who regularly spend quality time together often feel more understood, appreciated, and connected.

“The strongest marriages are often built one conversation at a time.”


Dating Keeps Friendship Alive

Many relationship experts have observed that friendship forms the foundation of lasting marriages. [gottman.com], [gottman.com]

Your spouse is constantly growing and changing.

  • Their interests change.
  • Their goals change.
  • Their fears change.
  • Their dreams change.

Dating helps you continue learning about the person you married. Ask yourself:

  • What is my spouse currently excited about?
  • What challenge is my spouse facing?
  • What goal is my spouse working toward?
  • What would make my spouse feel supported this week?

The answers to these questions create connection.


📦 Marriage Challenge

Schedule one dedicated date with your spouse during the next seven days. Put it on the calendar and protect that time as seriously as any other important appointment.


Dating Demonstrates Value

Time is one of the most valuable gifts that exists. When you intentionally spend time with your spouse, you communicate several important messages:

  • You matter to me.
  • I enjoy being with you.
  • Our relationship is important.
  • I want us to stay connected.
  • You are a priority in my life.

People often feel most loved when they feel seen, heard, and valued. Dating provides opportunities to communicate all three.


Simple Date Ideas for Married Couples

Dating does not require expensive vacations or elaborate plans. Consider:

  • Taking a walk together
  • Going out for coffee
  • Watching a sunset
  • Cooking a meal together
  • Visiting a local bookstore
  • Having a picnic
  • Taking a scenic drive
  • Exploring a nearby town
  • Playing a board game
  • Attending a community event

The goal is not entertainment. The goal is connection.


The Example It Sets for Children

When children witness healthy affection, respect, communication, and quality time between parents, they learn important lessons about relationships. Parents who prioritize their marriage are not taking away from their children. Instead, they are demonstrating:

  • Healthy communication
  • Mutual respect
  • Commitment
  • Affection
  • Emotional support

Children benefit from seeing what a healthy relationship looks like.


Conclusion

Marriage was never meant to run on autopilot. It thrives when two people continue choosing one another over and over again. The wedding day is not the finish line. It is the starting line. Dating your spouse creates opportunities to maintain friendship, strengthen intimacy, improve communication, and build memories together. These moments do not have to be extravagant. They simply need to be intentional. The strongest marriages are often built through thousands of small moments where spouses say through their actions:

“I still choose you.”

Never stop pursuing the person you promised to love.


About the Author

John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker Supervisor and the Executive Director of Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health, LLC. With extensive experience in behavioral health, trauma-informed care, child and adolescent mental health, family systems, and organizational leadership, Mr. Collier has dedicated his career to helping children, adolescents, adults, and families navigate life’s challenges while building healthier and more resilient communities.

Throughout his clinical career, Mr. Collier has worked with children and adolescents experiencing emotional and behavioral difficulties, including anxiety, depression, trauma-related disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional behaviors, anger management concerns, and family relationship challenges. His approach emphasizes understanding the underlying causes of behavior rather than focusing solely on symptoms, helping families develop practical strategies that strengthen communication, emotional regulation, and healthy relationships.

As a clinical supervisor, educator, and advocate for quality behavioral healthcare, Mr. Collier is committed to translating complex psychological and developmental concepts into practical guidance that parents and caregivers can readily understand and implement. His work reflects a belief that informed, supported, and empowered families play a critical role in promoting positive outcomes for children and adolescents.

In addition to his clinical practice and leadership responsibilities, Mr. Collier is the author of The Mind’s Trestle Board, where he regularly writes about mental health, personal growth, resilience, grief, family relationships, child development, and behavioral health topics. His writing combines evidence-based research with real-world clinical experience to provide readers with meaningful insights and actionable strategies.

Through his work, Mr. Collier continues to advocate for compassionate, person-centered care while helping individuals and families build the skills necessary to thrive through life.


References

Dew, J., & Wilcox, W. B. (2023). The Date Night Opportunity: What Does Couple Time Tell Us About the Potential Value of Date Nights? National Marriage Project. [nationalma…roject.org], [nationalma…roject.org]

Gottman, J. M., & Gottman, J. S. (2024). Relationship Resources for Couples. The Gottman Institute. [gottman.com], [gottman.com]

Stanley, S. M., Rhoades, G. K., & Markman, H. J. (2006). Sliding Versus Deciding: Inertia and the Premarital Cohabitation Effect. Family Relations, 55(4), 499-509.

Hawkins, A. J., Blanchard, V. L., Baldwin, S. A., & Fawcett, E. B. (2008). Does Marriage and Relationship Education Work? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(5), 723-734.

Nielsen, L. (2017). The Power of Us: The Path to Discovering the Best Relationship You. Tyndale House Publishers.

Wilcox, W. B., & Dew, J. (2023). The Date Night Opportunity Report. Wheatley Institute. [wheatley.byu.edu], [wheatley.byu.edu]


Getting Triggered: Taking Responsibility for Your Reactions

Your Trigger Is Your Responsibility

The phrase“I got triggered” has become increasingly common in modern conversations. People use it to describe intense emotional reactions to something another person said, did, or failed to do. While emotional triggers are real and deserve attention, there is an important truth that is often overlooked: your emotional trigger is your responsibility, not someone else’s.

This does not mean other people are always right, kind, or considerate. It does not mean hurtful behavior should be excused. Rather, it means that while external events may activate an emotional response, you remain responsible for how you interpret, manage, and respond to that reaction.

Emotional triggers are often connected to unresolved experiences, personal beliefs, fears, insecurities, past trauma, or deeply held expectations. According to the Cleveland Clinic, emotional triggers are situations, events, thoughts, or interactions that provoke intense emotional reactions that may be disproportionate to the present event because they are connected to past experiences. [health.cle…clinic.org]

A trigger is not proof that someone else caused your emotions. Instead, it is often evidence that something within you requires examination, healing, or growth.


Understanding the Difference Between Cause and Responsibility

A useful distinction exists between cause and responsibility.

Someone may say something rude. That statement may act as a catalyst for anger. However, the emotional reaction that follows belongs to the individual experiencing it.

Many people spend years blaming family members, coworkers, former partners, friends, or society for their emotional pain. While others may influence our experiences, remaining trapped in blame often prevents healing.

When responsibility is surrendered, personal power is surrendered as well.

Consider these examples:

  • Someone criticizes your work, and you become enraged.
  • A friend does not text back quickly, and you become anxious.
  • A spouse disagrees with you, and you immediately become defensive.
  • A coworker receives recognition, and you become resentful.

The external event occurred. However, the intensity of the emotional response often reflects an internal issue that deserves attention.

As psychologist Susan Albers notes, emotional triggers often function as “knee-jerk reactions” connected to prior emotional wounds, pain, or stressful experiences rather than the present situation alone. [health.cle…clinic.org]


Why Blaming Others Keeps You Stuck

Blame can feel empowering in the moment because it removes responsibility from ourselves. Unfortunately, it also removes our ability to create lasting change.

When your happiness depends on other people changing, you remain powerless. When your peace depends on others behaving perfectly, you remain trapped. When your emotional well-being depends upon controlling the behavior of everyone around you, you are fighting a battle you cannot win. Personal accountability allows you to move from:

  • Victimhood to ownership
  • Reactivity to intentionality
  • Resentment to growth
  • Helplessness to empowerment

Self-awareness is a foundational component of emotional intelligence. Research and psychological theory indicate that self-awareness helps individuals recognize emotions, understand behavioral patterns, and make more intentional choices. [positiveps…hology.com], [dictionary.apa.org]


Signs That You May Be Operating From a Trigger

You may be reacting from a trigger when:

  • Your emotional response feels much larger than the event itself.
  • You repeatedly experience the same conflicts.
  • You immediately become defensive.
  • You struggle to calm yourself after an interaction.
  • You replay conversations repeatedly in your mind.
  • You frequently blame others for how you feel.
  • You find yourself saying things you later regret.

Recognizing these signs is not a reason for shame. It is an opportunity for growth.


Eight Steps to Take Ownership of Your Triggers

1. Pause Before Reacting

Strong emotions create urgency. Triggers often convince us that immediate action is necessary.

Instead:

  • Stop.
  • Take several deep breaths.
  • Create distance between feeling and action.

Even a brief pause allows the thinking parts of the brain to engage before impulsive behavior occurs. Naming and observing emotions can strengthen emotional regulation and reduce reactivity. [apa.org], [scienceinsights.org]


2. Identify What You Are Feeling

Many people only recognize anger.

However, underneath anger may be:

  • Fear
  • Shame
  • Rejection
  • Insecurity
  • Embarrassment
  • Loneliness
  • Disappointment

Ask yourself:

“What am I actually feeling right now?”

Awareness creates choice.


3. Ask, “Why Does This Affect Me So Strongly?”

Instead of focusing on the other person’s behavior, focus inward.

Questions to consider:

  • What belief was activated?
  • What fear was touched?
  • What memory does this remind me of?
  • Why does this matter so much to me?

This shift transforms the experience from blame to self-discovery.


4. Separate Facts From Stories

The event and the story you tell yourself about the event are not the same thing.

Example:

Fact: Someone interrupted you.

Story: They do not respect me.

The emotional reaction usually attaches itself to the story, not merely the event. Challenge assumptions and consider alternative explanations before reacting.


5. Own Your Emotional Experience

Practice saying:

  • “I feel hurt.”
  • “I feel anxious.”
  • “I feel angry.”
  • “I am responsible for how I respond.”

Avoid statements such as:

  • “You made me angry.”
  • “You ruined my day.”
  • “You caused my anxiety.”

Others influence us, but they do not control our responses.


6. Develop Healthy Coping Skills

The National Institutes of Health recommends evidence-based wellness practices that help individuals manage emotional stress and build resilience, including mindfulness, physical activity, social support, adequate sleep, gratitude practices, and healthy self-care routines. [nih.gov], [nimh.nih.gov]

Helpful coping strategies include:

MindfulnessLearn to observe emotions without immediately reacting.
Deep BreathingSlow breathing helps calm the body’s stress response.
JournalingWriting allows emotions to be processed instead of suppressed.
ExercisePhysical activity helps regulate mood and reduce stress.
MeditationMeditation increases emotional awareness and self-control.
TherapyProfessional support can help uncover deeper emotional patterns.
Social SupportHealthy relationships provide perspective and encouragement. [apa.org], [nih.gov]

7. Reframe the Trigger as a Teacher

Instead of asking: “Why did they do this to me?”

Ask: “What is this reaction teaching me about myself?”

Every trigger contains information. It may point toward:

  • An insecurity
  • An unmet need
  • A fear
  • A limiting belief
  • An unresolved wound

Growth begins when curiosity replaces blame.


8. Practice Accountability Daily

Accountability is a skill. Each day ask yourself:

  • What triggered me today?
  • How did I respond?
  • What could I have done differently?
  • What lesson did I learn?

Over time these reflections strengthen emotional resilience and self-awareness.


Conclusion

Being triggered is part of the human experience. Everyone encounters situations that evoke strong emotions. The presence of a trigger is not a character flaw, nor is it proof that someone else is responsible for your emotional state. Healing begins when we stop viewing triggers as evidence of other people’s failures and start viewing them as opportunities for self-examination and growth.

You may not be responsible for every experience that shaped you, but you are responsible for how you manage your reactions today. The moment you stop blaming others for your triggers is the moment you begin reclaiming your power. You are not responsible for what happened to you in the past. You are responsible for what you do with it now. Growth occurs when accountability becomes stronger than blame, and self-awareness becomes stronger than reactivity.


About the Author


References

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Emotion-Focused Coping. APA Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved from APA Dictionary of Psychology. [dictionary.apa.org]

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Emotions. Retrieved from the American Psychological Association. [apa.org]

American Psychological Association. (2018). Emotional Intelligence. APA Dictionary of Psychology. [dictionary.apa.org]

American Psychological Association. (2024). Healthy Ways to Handle Life’s Stressors. American Psychological Association. [apa.org]

Cleveland Clinic. (2024). Can You Identify Your Emotional Triggers? Cleveland Clinic Health Essentials. [health.cle…clinic.org]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Managing Difficult Emotions. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [cdc.gov]

National Institute of Mental Health. (2025). Caring for Your Mental Health. National Institutes of Health. [nimh.nih.gov]

National Institutes of Health. (2026). Emotional Wellness Toolkit. National Institutes of Health. [nih.gov]

Positive Psychology. (2025). Using Self-Awareness Theory and Skills in Psychology. PositivePsychology.com. [positiveps…hology.com]


When Anger Meets Puberty: Understanding the preteen and young teenage – Boy

One of the most challenging periods for many families occurs when a boy enters puberty. Parents often describe feeling as though their once cheerful, affectionate child has become easily frustrated, argumentative, explosive, or emotionally distant seemingly overnight. While anger is not an inevitable part of adolescence, increased irritability and emotional intensity are common during the transition from childhood to adolescence. Understanding why this happens can help parents respond effectively and preserve a healthy relationship with their son.

Understanding What Is Happening

Around age 11 to 13, boys experience significant biological, emotional, and social changes. Testosterone levels increase, physical changes begin to emerge, and the brain undergoes substantial restructuring. During this period, the emotional centers of the brain develop more rapidly than the areas responsible for judgment, impulse control, and emotional regulation (Steinberg, 2014; National Institute of Mental Health, 2023).

As a result, a 12-year-old boy may experience emotions much more intensely than he did as a child while simultaneously lacking the skills needed to manage those emotions effectively. What appears to be defiance or disrespect may actually be emotional overwhelm.

Puberty can also create feelings of confusion and insecurity. Boys may worry about their appearance, athletic abilities, academic performance, friendships, or fitting in socially. Many boys have difficulty expressing vulnerable emotions such as embarrassment, fear, disappointment, sadness, or anxiety. Instead, these emotions are often expressed through irritability or anger (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2024).

Why Anger Often Becomes the “Go-To” Emotion

Anger is frequently referred to as a “secondary emotion.” This means it often covers more vulnerable feelings underneath.

For example:

  • A boy who feels embarrassed may become angry.
  • A boy who feels rejected may become angry.
  • A boy who feels anxious may become angry.
  • A boy who feels powerless may become angry.

Many boys grow up receiving social messages that it is acceptable to show anger but not acceptable to show sadness, fear, or emotional pain. Consequently, anger becomes the emotion they know how to display most readily (Siegel & Bryson, 2014).

When parents focus only on stopping the angry behavior without exploring the feelings underneath, opportunities for connection and growth may be missed.

Signs That Anger May Be Related to Puberty

Normal developmental anger may include:

  • Increased irritability
  • Mood swings
  • Arguing more frequently
  • Frustration with rules
  • Emotional overreactions
  • Needing more privacy
  • Greater sensitivity to criticism

However, parents should seek professional support if anger is accompanied by:

  • Physical aggression
  • Threats of harm to self or others
  • Property destruction
  • Significant changes in sleep or appetite
  • Persistent depression
  • School refusal
  • Substance use
  • Social withdrawal
  • Self-harming behaviors

These signs may indicate underlying mental health concerns requiring assessment and intervention (American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2024).

What Parents Can Do to Help

1. Stay Calm During Emotional Storms

One of the most powerful tools a parent possesses is emotional regulation. When parents become angry in response to a child’s anger, the situation often escalates.

Instead of saying:

“Calm down right now!”

Try saying:

“I can see you’re really upset. Let’s talk when you’re ready.”

A calm response helps the adolescent nervous system begin to settle. Children often borrow emotional regulation from the adults around them before they develop it themselves (Siegel & Bryson, 2014).

2. Look Beyond the Behavior

When a child becomes angry, ask yourself:

  • What happened before this?
  • Is he hurt?
  • Is he embarrassed?
  • Is he feeling left out?
  • Is he worried about something?

Understanding the underlying emotion does not excuse inappropriate behavior, but it does help address the true problem.

3. Teach Emotional Vocabulary

Many boys simply lack the language to describe their emotional experiences.

Help them identify feelings such as:

  • Frustrated
  • Disappointed
  • Nervous
  • Embarrassed
  • Lonely
  • Left out
  • Overwhelmed

Research demonstrates that helping children name emotions improves emotional regulation and self-awareness (Siegel & Bryson, 2014).

4. Maintain Consistent Boundaries

Empathy and accountability should exist together.

Parents can communicate:

“It’s okay to be angry. It’s not okay to yell at people.”

Or:

“It’s okay to feel frustrated. It’s not okay to punch a wall.”

Children need to know that emotions are always acceptable, but certain behaviors are not.

5. Prioritize Physical Activity

Physical activity has consistently been shown to reduce stress, improve mood regulation, and decrease emotional reactivity among adolescents (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2024).

Encourage activities such as:

  • Basketball
  • Football
  • Hiking
  • Martial arts
  • Strength training
  • Biking
  • Running

Many boys process stress more effectively through movement than through conversation alone.

6. Protect Sleep

Sleep deprivation can significantly worsen irritability, impulsivity, and emotional regulation difficulties.

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends that children aged 6 to 12 receive 9 to 12 hours of sleep per night (Paruthi et al., 2016).

Parents can help by:

  • Limiting electronics before bed
  • Establishing consistent bedtime routines
  • Keeping devices out of bedrooms overnight
  • Maintaining regular sleep schedules

7. Keep Communication Open

Many parents become discouraged when their son gives one-word answers.

Don’t give up.

Instead of asking:

“How was school?”

Try:

“What was the best part of your day?”

Or:

“What was the most annoying thing that happened today?”

Questions that invite discussion often receive better responses.

8. Model Healthy Anger Management

Children learn more from what parents do than from what parents say.

Demonstrate healthy coping strategies:

  • Taking a walk
  • Deep breathing
  • Talking through problems
  • Taking a break before responding
  • Using respectful communication

Your child is constantly learning how to handle big emotions by watching you.

The Importance of Connection

One of the biggest mistakes parents make is assuming that angry behavior means their child no longer needs them. In reality, adolescence is a time of increased independence and increased need for parental support.

A 12-year-old boy may push a parent away verbally while desperately needing reassurance, structure, understanding, and connection.

The goal is not to eliminate anger. Anger is a normal human emotion. The goal is to help children develop the skills necessary to express anger safely, understand its causes, and respond constructively.

With patience, consistency, and support, most boys learn to navigate these difficult years successfully. Parents who remain calm, connected, and emotionally available provide one of the strongest protective factors against future behavioral and emotional difficulties.

Final Thoughts for Parents

If your son is struggling with anger during puberty, remember this: his behavior is communication. Behind the slammed door, the argumentative tone, or the emotional outburst is often a young person trying to make sense of a rapidly changing body, brain, and world.

Meet the emotion before correcting the behavior. Listen before lecturing. Stay connected even when it feels difficult.

The relationship you build during these years can become the foundation that guides your son safely into adulthood.

About the Author

John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker Supervisor and the Executive Director of Southeast Kentucky Behavioral Health, LLC. With extensive experience in behavioral health, trauma-informed care, child and adolescent mental health, family systems, and organizational leadership, Mr. Collier has dedicated his career to helping children, adolescents, adults, and families navigate life’s challenges while building healthier and more resilient communities.

Throughout his clinical career, Mr. Collier has worked with children and adolescents experiencing emotional and behavioral difficulties, including anxiety, depression, trauma-related disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional behaviors, anger management concerns, and family relationship challenges. His approach emphasizes understanding the underlying causes of behavior rather than focusing solely on symptoms, helping families develop practical strategies that strengthen communication, emotional regulation, and healthy relationships.

As a clinical supervisor, educator, and advocate for quality behavioral healthcare, Mr. Collier is committed to translating complex psychological and developmental concepts into practical guidance that parents and caregivers can readily understand and implement. His work reflects a belief that informed, supported, and empowered families play a critical role in promoting positive outcomes for children and adolescents.

In addition to his clinical practice and leadership responsibilities, Mr. Collier is the author of The Mind’s Trestle Board, where he regularly writes about mental health, personal growth, resilience, grief, family relationships, child development, and behavioral health topics. His writing combines evidence-based research with real-world clinical experience to provide readers with meaningful insights and actionable strategies.

Through his work, Mr. Collier continues to advocate for compassionate, person-centered care while helping individuals and families build the skills necessary to thrive through life’s challenges and transitions.

“Every behavior tells a story. When we seek to understand the story behind the behavior, we create opportunities for healing, growth, and connection.”
— John S. Collier, MSW, LCSW-S


References

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (2024). Anger and children. Retrieved from https://www.aacap.org

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2024). HealthyChildren.org: Understanding puberty and adolescent development. Retrieved from https://www.healthychildren.org

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov

National Institute of Mental Health. (2023). The teen brain: Still under construction. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov

Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D’Ambrosio, C., Hall, W. A., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., … Wise, M. S. (2016). Recommended amount of sleep for pediatric populations: A consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(6), 785-786.

Siegel, D. J., & Bryson, T. P. (2014). No-drama discipline: The whole-brain way to calm the chaos and nurture your child’s developing mind. New York, NY: Bantam Books.

Steinberg, L. (2014). Age of opportunity: Lessons from the new science of adolescence. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.